Bladder Cancer: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Bladder cancer is the sixth most prevalent malignancy in the United States and causes more than 16,000 deaths annually. The most common clinical presentation is asymptomatic hematuria, which should prompt evaluation with cystoscopy, renal function testing, and upper urinary tract imaging in adults 35 years and older and in those with irritative voiding symptoms, risk factors for bladder cancer, or gross hematuria at any age. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor allows for definitive diagnosis, staging, and primary treatment.

Subintimal angioplasty of chronic total occlusion in iliac arteries: a safe and durable option.

Background: Traditionally, aortobifemoral bypass has been the intervention of choice for iliac artery chronic total occlusions (CTOs). However, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, limiting its use in high-risk patients. To reduce procedural risk, subintimal angioplasty (SIA) for femoropopliteal CTO has been utilized by many, but few have extended this endovascular technique to treating iliac artery CTOs.