Analysis of guidelines for basal-bolus insulin dosing: basal insulin, correction factor, and carbohydrate-to-insulin ratio.

Objective: To analyze and compare the underlying mathematical models for basal-bolus insulin-dosing guidelines in patients with type 1 diabetes in a retrospective controlled study.

Methods: Algebraic model-development yielded several systems of models with unknown constants, including 3 systems currently in use. These systems were compared for logic and consistency.

Use of a computerized intravenous insulin algorithm within a nurse-directed protocol for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.

Background: Several studies have shown the benefits of tight glycemic control in the intensive care unit. A large hospital became concerned about certain deficiencies in the management of glucose control in conjunction with cardiovascular surgery. A multidisciplinary steering committee was formed, which implemented a glycemic protocol, the subject of this study.

A cause-and-effect-based mathematical curvilinear model that predicts the effects of self-monitoring of blood glucose frequency on hemoglobin A1c and is suitable for statistical correlations.

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between the frequency of self-monitored blood glucose (SMBG) and hemoglobin A1c. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown this to be a causal correlation for insulin-using patients. Several studies have used linear regression, but a straight line will descend into negative hemoglobin A1c values (an impossibility).