The risk of cardiovascular diseases after miscarriage, stillbirth, and induced abortion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Miscarriage and stillbirth have been included in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk guidelines, however heterogeneity in exposures and outcomes and the absence of reviews assessing induced abortion, prevented comprehensive assessment. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk of cardiovascular diseases for women with prior pregnancy loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, and induced abortion).

Methods And Results: Observational studies reporting risk of CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke in women with pregnancy loss were selected after searching MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library (to January 2020).

Bone deconditioning during partial weight-bearing in rodents - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Space agencies are preparing to send humans to the Moon (16% Earth's gravity) and Mars (38% Earth's gravity), however, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of hypogravity on the skeletal system. A novel rodent partial weight-bearing (PWB) model may provide insight into how human bone responds to hypogravity. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review investigating the effect of PWB on the structure and function of rodent bone.

Skeletal muscle deconditioning during partial weight-bearing in rodents - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Space agencies are planning to send humans back to the Lunar surface, in preparation for crewed exploration of Mars. However, the effect of hypogravity on human skeletal muscle is largely unknown. A recently established rodent partial weight-bearing model has been employed to mimic various levels of hypogravity loading and may provide valuable insights to better understanding how human muscle might respond to this environment.

Use of human induced pluripotent stem cells for cartilage regeneration in vitro and within chondral defect models of knee joint cartilage in vivo: a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses systematic literature review.

Background Aims: Articular cartilage has limited regenerative ability when damaged through trauma or disease. Failure to treat focal chondral lesions results in changes that inevitably progress to osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a major contributor to disability globally, which results in significant medical costs and lost wages every year.

Principles and guidelines in the management of ankle fractures in adults.

Ankle fractures are common injuries that have many physical and psychosocial complications. As a result, it is important to be aware of how these patients present and are managed perioperatively. Detailed guidelines from NICE and the British Orthopaedic Association have been produced on this topic, including recent developments such as the decision to weight-bear early after surgery and the use of virtual fracture clinics.

Aortic valve replacement in patients over 60: Real-world surgical outcomes.

Objective: With the advent of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has come an expectation that there will be a decline in surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). This has been fueled by trials comparing outcomes between TAVI and SAVR in lower-risk patients. The aim of this study was to examine outcomes following SAVR in patients over the age of 60.

The risk of cardiovascular disease in women after miscarriage, stillbirth, and therapeutic abortion: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, responsible for approximately a third of all female deaths. Pregnancy complications are known to be associated with a greater risk of incident CVD in mothers. However, the relationships between pregnancy loss due to miscarriage, stillbirth, or therapeutic abortion, and future maternal cardiovascular health are under-researched.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms part one: Epidemiology, presentation and preoperative considerations.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is an irreversible dilatation of the abdominal aorta. The majority of abdominal aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic and identified incidentally while investigating a separate pathology. Others are detected by national screening programmes and some present due to a growth or rupture.

Abdominal aortic aneurysms part two: Surgical management, postoperative complications and surveillance.

Large, symptomatic and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms are usually treated surgically if patients are deemed fit enough. This may be achieved through endovascular or open surgical repair. The type of treatment that a patient receives is dependant on many factors, such as the rupture status of the aneurysm.

An overview of the key principles and guidelines in the management of pelvic fractures.

Pelvic fractures are complex injuries with a range of different presentations depending on the mechanism of trauma. Due to the morbidity and mortality of pelvic fractures, patients require thorough investigation and timely management with multidisciplinary input. Various surgical and non-surgical techniques can be used to treat pelvic fractures, as well as any associated visceral injuries.

Factitious Hypoglycaemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Factitious hypoglycaemia is a form of factitious disorder imposed on self with high morbidity and mortality. It is therefore important to be aware of the key demographic and contextual risk factors for factitious hypoglycaemia, as well the investigations and management options available for suspected cases.

Subjects And Methods: In this article we describe a case report and literature review of factitious hypoglycaemia.

Twelve tips to maximise medical student learning during emergency medicine placements.

Placements in the emergency department provide medical students with countless clinical and practical learning opportunities. However, medical education may not always be optimised for students in this busy, potentially overwhelming environment. Prior knowledge of how to make the most of emergency medicine placements helps to facilitate student learning and enjoyment.

Tricuspid atresia: Where are we now?

Tricuspid atresia (TA) is a complex congenital heart disease that presents with cyanosis in the neonatal period. It is invariably fatal if left untreated and requires multiple stages of palliation. Early recognition and timely surgical intervention are therefore pivotal in the management of these infants.

Important perioperative factors, guidelines and outcomes in the management of hip fracture.

Hip fractures are common injuries in the elderly and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There are multiple perioperative factors that must be considered when managing these patients. These include analgesia, timing of surgery, choice of operation, type of anaesthesia, postoperative complications and comorbidities.