Draft Genome Sequence of Strain HKRS030, a Fungus Capable of Reducing Iron but Not Nitrate.

strain HKRS030 was isolated from a cryptoendolithic community found in the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM) in southern Utah, USA. strain HKRS030 was observed to dissimilatorily reduce iron(III) while being unable to reduce nitrate.

Composition, diversity, and activity of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in the intertidal sands of a grand strand South Carolina beach.

Aerobic ammonia oxidation to nitrite has been established as an important ecosystem process in regulating the level of nitrogen in marine ecosystems. This process is carried out by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) within the classes Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and ammonia-oxidizing Archaea (AOA) from the phylum Thaumarchaeota, and the latter of which has been established as more prevalent in marine systems. This study investigated the presence, abundance, and activity of these groups of microbes at a beach near Springmaid Pier in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, through the implementation of next generation sequencing, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and microcosm experiments to monitor activity.

Microbial community structure shows differing levels of temporal stability in intertidal beach sands of the grand strand region of South Carolina.

Studies of microbial community structure in intertidal and supratidal beach sands along the California and Gulf of Mexico coasts have begun to reveal geographical patterns in microbial diversity through the use of next generation sequencing technology. Only a few studies have targeted communities along the Eastern seaboard, leaving a variety of microbial ecosystems uncharacterized. In this study, we examine the microbial community structure within three South Carolina beaches along the Grand Strand via sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to discern relationships between diversity and temporal or regional factors.

Aerobic cometabolism of trichloroethene and cis-dichloroethene with benzene and chlorinated benzenes as growth substrates.

Using inoculum from a microcosm study that exhibited aerobic transformation of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) commensurate with biodegradation of monoaromatic compounds, enrichment cultures were developed by providing benzene, chlorobenzene (CB), dichlorobenzene (DCB) isomers and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene as carbon and energy sources. Isolates that grow on benzene, CB, 1,2-DCB and 1,3-DCB were identified as Rhodococcus, Ralstonia, Variovorax and Ralstonia spp., respectively.

Anaerobic biotransformation of high concentrations of chloroform by an enrichment culture and two bacterial isolates.

A fermentative enrichment culture (designated DHM-1) was developed that is capable of cometabolically biotransforming high concentrations of chloroform (CF) to nontoxic end products. Two Pantoea spp. were isolated from DHM-1 that also possess this dechlorination capability.

Evaluation of strategies for anaerobic bioremediation of high concentrations of halomethanes.

Bioremediation is being considered for groundwater at an industrial site contaminated with carbon tetrachloride (CT), trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), and chloroform (CF), at concentrations typically considered too high for biological treatment. 1,1-Dichloroethene is also present. The objective of this study was to evaluate in situ anaerobic remediation by biostimulation alone (lactate, emulsified vegetable oil, and corn syrup), biostimulation (corn syrup) supplemented with vitamin B(12) (cyanocobalamin), and bioaugmentation in combination with catalytic levels of B(12).

Characterization of the Caulobacter crescentus holdfast polysaccharide biosynthesis pathway reveals significant redundancy in the initiating glycosyltransferase and polymerase steps.

Caulobacter crescentus cells adhere to surfaces by using an extremely strong polar adhesin called the holdfast. The polysaccharide component of the holdfast is comprised in part of oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine. The genes involved in the export of the holdfast polysaccharide and the anchoring of the holdfast to the cell were previously discovered.

Serine hydroxamate and the transcriptome of high cell density recombinant Escherichia coli MG1655.

For more than 30 years, serine hydroxamate has been used to chemically stimulate a stringent response in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. These studies have elucidated numerous characteristics of the classical stringent response beyond the simple cellular response to an amino acid shortage, including phospholipid synthesis and protease upregulation. In this study, the effects of a serine hydroxamate addition on high-cell-density recombinant E.