Mild replication stress causes premature centriole disengagement via a sub-critical Plk1 activity under the control of ATR-Chk1.

A tight synchrony between the DNA and centrosome cycle is essential for genomic integrity. Centriole disengagement, which licenses centrosomes for duplication, occurs normally during mitotic exit. We recently demonstrated that mild DNA replication stress typically seen in cancer cells causes premature centriole disengagement in untransformed mitotic human cells, leading to transient multipolar spindles that favour chromosome missegregation.

PLK1 controls centriole distal appendage formation and centrobin removal via independent pathways.

Centrioles are central structural elements of centrosomes and cilia. In human cells, daughter centrioles are assembled adjacent to existing centrioles in S-phase and reach their full functionality with the formation of distal and subdistal appendages one-and-a-half cell cycles later, as they exit their second mitosis. Current models postulate that the centriolar protein centrobin acts as placeholder for distal appendage proteins that must be removed to complete distal appendage formation.

Cost Effectiveness of Sacral Neuromodulation and OnabotulinumtoxinA in Managing Refractory Idiopathic Overactive Bladder.

Little information from clinical and modelled studies are available on cost effectiveness of OnabotulinumtoxinA and SNM for the treatment of idiopathic overactive bladder. We aimed to summarize the evidence in this regard from different healthcare systems. Seven studies from 5 countries were reviewed.

Identification of a Synergistic Multi-Drug Combination Active in Cancer Cells via the Prevention of Spindle Pole Clustering.

A major limitation of clinically used cancer drugs is the lack of specificity resulting in toxicity. To address this, we performed a phenotypically-driven screen to identify optimal multidrug combinations acting with high efficacy and selectivity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The search was performed using the Therapeutically Guided Multidrug Optimization (TGMO) method in ccRCC cells (786-O) and nonmalignant renal cells and identified a synergistic low-dose four-drug combination () with high efficacy and negligible toxicity.

Mild replication stress causes chromosome mis-segregation via premature centriole disengagement.

Replication stress, a hallmark of cancerous and pre-cancerous lesions, is linked to structural chromosomal aberrations. Recent studies demonstrated that it could also lead to numerical chromosomal instability (CIN). The mechanism, however, remains elusive.

Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing Is Not Associated With an Increased Risk of Surgical Site Infections After Internal Anterior Pelvic Ring Fixation.

Objective: To investigate the risk of postoperative surgical site infections after plate fixation of the anterior pelvic ring subsequent to preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP).

Design: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Level I academic trauma center.

Unravelling the MicroRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation in Developing Pongamia Seeds by High-Throughput Small RNA Profiling.

Pongamia ( syn. ) is a multipurpose biofuel tree which can withstand a variety of abiotic stresses. Commercial applications of Pongamia trees may substantially benefit from improvements in their oil-seed productivity, which is governed by complex regulatory mechanisms underlying seed development.

Temporal transcriptome profiling of developing seeds reveals a concerted gene regulation in relation to oil accumulation in Pongamia (Millettia pinnata).

Background: Pongamia (Millettia pinnata syn. Pongamia pinnata), an oilseed legume species, is emerging as potential feedstock for sustainable biodiesel production. Breeding Pongamia for favorable traits in commercial application will rely on a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanism regulating oil accumulation during its seed development.

A comparison of two reciprocating instruments using bending stress and cyclic fatigue tests.

The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the bending resistance at 45º, the static and dynamic cyclic fatigue life, and the fracture type of the WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) 25-08 and Reciproc (VDW, Munich, Germany) 25-08 instruments. A total of 60 nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments (30 Reciproc and 30 WaveOne) from three different lots, each of which was 25 mm in length, were tested. The bending resistance was evaluated through the results of a cantilever-bending test conducted using a universal testing machine.

Acceptance of mixed scientific and clinical activities in a sub-speciality urology meeting.

Basic urolithiasis research into the causes for stone formation has been stagnating for a long time. Emergence of effective stone treatment modalities has shifted the public and clinicians' focus away from basic research towards symptomatic treatment solutions. This has occurred in spite of urolithiasis being a highly recurrent disease with an enormous socio-economic impact warranting a prophylactic and recurrence-preventing approach.

WiFi RFID demonstration for resource tracking in a statewide disaster drill.

Objective: To investigate the capabilities of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tracking of patients and medical equipment during a simulated disaster response scenario.

Design: RFID infrastructure was deployed at two small rural hospitals, in one large academic medical center and in two vehicles. Several item types from the mutual aid equipment list were selected for tracking during the demonstration.

Precocious flowering in trees: the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene as a research and breeding tool in Populus.

Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and its homologues has been shown to accelerate the onset of flowering in a number of plant species, including poplar (Populus spp.). The application of FT should be of particular use in forest trees, as it could greatly accelerate and enable new kinds of breeding and research.

Acetaminophen inhibits hemoprotein-catalyzed lipid peroxidation and attenuates rhabdomyolysis-induced renal failure.

Hemoproteins, hemoglobin and myoglobin, once released from cells can cause severe oxidative damage as a consequence of heme redox cycling between ferric and ferryl states that generates radical species that induce lipid peroxidation. We demonstrate in vitro that acetaminophen inhibits hemoprotein-induced lipid peroxidation by reducing ferryl heme to its ferric state and quenching globin radicals. Severe muscle injury (rhabdomyolysis) is accompanied by the release of myoglobin that becomes deposited in the kidney, causing renal injury.

Green tea polyphenols improve cardiac muscle mRNA and protein levels of signal pathways related to insulin and lipid metabolism and inflammation in insulin-resistant rats.

Epidemiological studies indicate that the consumption of green tea polyphenols (GTP) may reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. To explore the underlying mechanisms of action at the molecular level, we examined the effects of GTP on the cardiac mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in insulin and lipid metabolism and inflammation. In rats fed a high-fructose diet, supplementation with GTP (200 mg/kg BW daily dissolved in distilled water) for 6 wk, reduced systemic blood glucose, plasma insulin, retinol-binding protein 4, soluble CD36, cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and LDL-C levels, as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6.

Evaluation of a mobile phone telemonitoring system for glycaemic control in patients with diabetes.

We conducted a randomized controlled trial using mobile health technology in an ethnically diverse sample of 137 patients with complicated diabetes. Patients in the intervention group (n = 72) were trained to measure their blood glucose with a sensor which transmitted the readings to a mobile phone via a Bluetooth wireless link. Clinicians were then able to examine and respond to the readings which were viewed with a web-based application.

Genome-wide genetic diversity of 'Nici', the DNA source for the CHORI-260 turkey BAC library and candidate for whole genome sequencing.

Vertebrate whole genome sequence assembly can benefit from a priori knowledge of variability in the target genome, with researchers often selecting highly inbred individuals for sequencing. However, for most species highly inbred research lines are lacking, requiring the use of an outbred individual(s). Here we examined the source DNA [Nicholas inbred (Nici)] of the CHORI-260 turkey bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library through analysis of microsatellites and BAC sequences.

Nitric oxide bioavailability and its potential relevance to the variation in susceptibility to the renal and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: We compared the renal and systemic vascular (renovascular) response to a reduction of bioavailable nitric oxide (NO) in type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy and of African and Caucasian heritage.

Research Design And Methods: Under euglycemic conditions, renal blood flow was determined by a constant infusion of paraminohippurate and changes in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance estimated before and after an infusion of L-Ng-monomethyl-L-arginine.

Results: In the African-heritage group, there was a significant fall in renal blood flow (Delta-46.

Circulating cholesterol as a modulator of risk for renal injury in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Amelioration of albuminuria may be related to specific constellations of risk factors including race and dyslipidaemia. Circulating cholesterol could mitigate the beneficial effect of antihypertensive therapy. We assessed whether cholesterol affected the remission of urinary albumin in patients with type 2 diabetes of white, Caucasian and non-white origin.

Endotoxemia produces coma and brain swelling in bile duct ligated rats.

Unlabelled: This study explores the hypothesis that the inflammatory response induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates brain edema in cirrhotic rats; and if so whether this is associated with altered brain metabolism of ammonia or anatomical disturbance of the blood-brain barrier. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats 4 weeks after bile duct ligation (BDL)/Sham-operation, or naïve rats fed a hyperammonemic diet (HD), were injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline, and killed 3 hours later.

Standards for data collection and monitoring in a telemedicine research network.

While a networked, nationwide health information system is financially and logistically impractical, the development of independent, regional systems is realistic and feasible. A Telemedicine Research Network (TRN) could connect a number of geographically disparate health systems. This would require the reconciliation of policies and practices in five principal areas: partner agreement on project scope; privacy, security and confidentiality; technical standards; telecommunications and computer infrastructure; change management and training.

Identification of trait loci affecting white meat percentage and other growth and carcass traits in commercial broiler chickens.

White meat is the most economically valuable part of a broiler chicken. Increasing white meat relative to overall body size (white meat percentage, WM%) makes a broiler, gram for gram, a more valuable animal. However, accurately measuring WM% requires removing the bird from the breeding flock.