Scientific Opinion on the state of the art of Toxicokinetic/Toxicodynamic (TKTD) effect models for regulatory risk assessment of pesticides for aquatic organisms.

Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR) developed an opinion on the state of the art of Toxicokinetic/Toxicodynamic (TKTD) models and their use in prospective environmental risk assessment (ERA) for pesticides and aquatic organisms. TKTD models are species- and compound-specific and can be used to predict (sub)lethal effects of pesticides under untested (time-variable) exposure conditions. Three different types of TKTD models are described, viz.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance rimsulfuron.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Slovenia, and co-rapporteur Member State, Finland, for the pesticide active substance rimsulfuron are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of rimsulfuron as an herbicide on maize, potato and tomato.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance dimethenamid-P.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Germany and co-rapporteur Member State Bulgaria for the pesticide active substance dimethenamid-P and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of dimethenamid-P as a herbicide on annual monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds in winter oilseed rape, maize, sweet corn, soya bean, sunflower and sugar beet.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance Pn1.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, Denmark, for the pesticide active substance Pn1 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of Pn1 as a nematicide on sugar beet.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance phenmedipham.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Finland, and co-rapporteur Member State, Denmark, for the pesticide active substance phenmedipham are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of phenmedipham as a herbicide on sugar beet/fodder beet.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance desmedipham.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Finland, and co-rapporteur Member State, Denmark, for the pesticide active substance desmedipham are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of desmedipham as a herbicide on sugar beet/fodder beet.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance fenpicoxamid (XDE-777).

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance fenpicoxamid (XDE-777) and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of fenpicoxamid (XDE-777) as a fungicide on cereals (winter and spring wheat, durum wheat, rye and triticale).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance chlorothalonil.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, and co-rapporteur Member State, Belgium, for the pesticide active substance chlorothalonil are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of chlorothalonil as a fungicide on wheat, barley, tomato and potato.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance tolclofos-methyl.

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Sweden, and co-rapporteur Member State, Denmark, for the pesticide active substance tolclofos-methyl are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of tolclofos-methyl as a fungicide on potatoes, lettuce and ornamentals.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance indoxacarb.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, France, and co-rapporteur Member State, Spain, for the pesticide active substance indoxacarb are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of indoxacarb as an insecticide on maize, sweet corn and lettuce.

Peer review of the targeted hazard assessment of the pesticide active substance quinoxyfen.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, and co-rapporteur Member State, Austria, for the pesticide active substance quinoxyfen are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of information targeted at the assessment of the potential persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) and persistent organic pollutant (POP) properties of quinoxyfen according to Article 11(2) of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance thiophanate-methyl.

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Sweden, and co-rapporteur Member State, Finland, for the pesticide active substance thiophanate-methyl are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of thiophanate-methyl as a fungicide on wine grapes, tomato, aubergine, leek, fresh beans with pods and wheat (winter and durum).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance copper compounds copper(I), copper(II) variants namely copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, tribasic copper sulfate, copper(I) oxide, Bordeaux mixture.

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, France, and co-rapporteur Member State, Germany, for the pesticide active substance copper compounds are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of copper compounds as a fungicide on grapes, tomatoes and cucurbits.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance strain AQ10.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, France, and the co-rapporteur Member State, Germany, for the pesticide active substance   strain AQ10 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of   strain AQ10 as a fungicide by spraying against powdery mildew in grapes and spray applications in tomato, pepper and aubergine grown under protection or in the open field.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance NRRL Y-27328.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance NRRL Y-27328 and the assessment of the application for inclusion in Annex IV of Regulation (EU) No 396/2005 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of NRRL Y-27328 as a fungicide on stone fruits, strawberries and grapes.

A sediment extraction and cleanup method for wide-scope multitarget screening by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Previous studies on organic sediment contaminants focused mainly on a limited number of highly hydrophobic micropollutants accessible to gas chromatography using nonpolar, aprotic extraction solvents. The development of liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) permits the spectrum of analysis to be expanded to a wider range of more polar and ionic compounds present in sediments and allows target, suspect, and nontarget screening to be conducted with high sensitivity and selectivity. In this study, we propose a comprehensive multitarget extraction and sample preparation method for characterization of sediment pollution covering a broad range of physicochemical properties that is suitable for LC-HRMS screening analysis.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance trifloxystrobin.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, and co-rapporteur Member State, Greece, for the pesticide active substance trifloxystrobin are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of trifloxystrobin as a fungicide on apple, pear, quince, grapes and strawberry.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance etoxazole.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Greece, and the co-rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, for the pesticide active substance etoxazole and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of etoxazole as an acaricide on pome fruits, plums, peaches, nectarines, apricots, cherries (sweet), citrus, grapes, strawberries, tomatoes/eggplants, cucurbits inedible peel, cotton seeds and ornamental plants.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance IMI389521.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance IMI389521 are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of IMI389521 as an insecticide in empty post-harvest storage facilities.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance zoxamide.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Latvia, and co-rapporteur Member State, France, for the pesticide active substance zoxamide are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of zoxamide as a fungicide on wine and table grapes, and potatoes.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance pethoxamid.

The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Austria, and co-rapporteur Member State, the Czech Republic, for the pesticide active substance pethoxamid are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of pethoxamid as a herbicide on maize and soya bean.

Updated peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance flurtamone.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments and the peer review of the revised risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the Czech Republic, and co-rapporteur Member State, Ireland, for the pesticide active substance flurtamone are reported. The context of the peer review and the updated peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of flurtamone as a herbicide on spring cereals (barley, wheat) and winter cereals (barley, oat, rye, triticale, wheat, spelt).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance methoxyfenozide.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, the United Kingdom, and co-rapporteur Member State, Slovakia, for the pesticide active substance methoxyfenozide and the assessment of applications for maximum residue levels (MRLs) are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of methoxyfenozide as an insecticide on table and wine grapes, maize and sweet corn, fruiting vegetables (tomato, pepper, aubergine) and leaf vegetables (lettuce and other salad plants, spinach and similar, herbs).

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance tribenuron-methyl.

The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Sweden, and co-rapporteur Member State, Latvia, for the pesticide active substance tribenuron-methyl are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of tribenuron-methyl as a herbicide on winter and spring cereals (wheat, barley, oat, rye, triticale, durum, spelt), pasture, sunflower (tribenuron-methyl-tolerant varieties) and olive.

Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance strain J1446 (approved in Regulation (EU) No 540/2011 as strain J1446).

The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Hungary, and co-rapporteur Member State, the Netherlands, for the pesticide active substance strain J1446, currently approved as strain J1446, are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of strain J1446 as a fungicide in agriculture and horticulture.