La Revanche de Gall.

Discusses a poem by Thomas Hood (1799-1845), "Craniology," which is a paradigmatic example of parodying psychological faculties for being material things. Franz Joseph Gall's (1758 -1828) term for organology was schädellehre, a German compound from schädel (skull, cranium, or pate) and lehre (teaching or doctrine). Craniology was used by some of Gall's followers, but mostly his critics; phrenology was coined in 1815 by Thomas Forster.

Poetry corner: Personality assessment scales: Psychometric and poetic.

The formal structure of both the sonnet and haiku present a dichotomous frame that the reader is invited to interpret in Likert-scale fashion. Included is the author's contribution to this tradition, which, were it to be translated into an MMPI-2 question, might contribute to Scales 2 (Depression) and 10 (Social Introversion). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Neurologic heuristics and artistic whimsy: the cerebral cartography of Wilder Penfield.

Neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield played a singularly important role in expanding our knowledge of functional neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in the twentieth century. Trained under Charles Sherrington, William Osler, and Otfrid Foerster, Penfield was an early leader in efforts to map the cerebral cortex via direct electrical stimulation of the brain. In 1937, Penfield introduced an entirely new concept for illustrating the relative sizes and locations of discrete functional regions within the sensorimotor cortex--the homunculus-to exemplify the "order and comparative extent" of specific functional regions.

Eighteenth century classification of mental illness: Linnaeus, de Sauvages, Vogel, and Cullen.

Classification was an important aspect of the 17th and 18th century development of Western science, epitomized by Linnaeus's 1735 Systema Naturae (Nature's System), in which he divided each kingdom of nature into classes, orders, and species. Linnaeus, a physician in addition to being a renowned taxonomist, endeavored to classify all known human diseases, largely on the basis of symptoms, in his 1759 Genera Morborum (Varieties of Diseases). We focus on his classification of mental disorders, a large subset of the Genera Morborum.