The effect of circular soil biosolarization treatment on the physiology, metabolomics, and microbiome of tomato plants under certain abiotic stresses.

Soil biosolarization (SBS) is an alternative technique for soil pest control to standard techniques such as soil fumigation and soil solarization (SS). By using both solar heating and fermentation of organic amendments, faster and more effective control of soilborne pathogens can be achieved. A circular economy may be created by using the residues of a given crop as organic amendments to biosolarize fields that produce that crop, which is termed circular soil biosolarization (CSBS).

Changes of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lactucae levels and soil microbial community during soil biosolarization using chitin as soil amendment.

Regulatory pressure along with environmental and human health concerns drive the development of soil fumigation alternatives such as soil biosolarization (SBS). SBS involves tarping soil that is at field capacity with a transparent film following amendment with certain organic materials. Heating via the greenhouse effect results in an increase of the soil temperature.

The initial soil microbiota impacts the potential for lignocellulose degradation during soil solarization.

Aims: Soil biosolarization (SBS) is a pest control technology that includes the incorporation of organic matter into soil prior to solarization. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of the initial soil microbiome on the temporal evolution of genes encoding lignocellulose-degrading enzymes during SBS.

Methods And Results: Soil biosolarization field experiments were completed using green waste (GW) as a soil amendment and in the presence and absence of compost activating inoculum.

Provider Tools for Advance Care Planning and Goals of Care Discussions: A Systematic Review.

Background: Advance care planning and goals of care discussions involve the exploration of what is most important to a person, including their values and beliefs in preparation for health-care decision-making. Advance care planning conversations focus on planning for future health care, ensuring that an incapable person's wishes are known and can guide the person's substitute decision maker for future decision-making. Goals of care discussions focus on preparing for current decision-making by ensuring the person's goals guide this process.

Assessment of Two Solid Anaerobic Digestate Soil Amendments for Effects on Soil Quality and Biosolarization Efficacy.

Anaerobic digestion is an organic waste bioconversion process that produces biofuel and digestates. Digestates have potential to be applied as soil amendment to improve properties for crop production including phytonutrient content and pest load. Our objective was to assess the impact of solid anaerobic digestates on weed seed inactivation and soil quality upon soil biosolarization (a pest control technique that combines solar heating and amendment-induced microbial activity).

Weed seed inactivation in soil mesocosms via biosolarization with mature compost and tomato processing waste amendments.

Background: Biosolarization is a fumigation alternative that combines passive solar heating with amendment-driven soil microbial activity to temporarily create antagonistic soil conditions, such as elevated temperature and acidity, that can inactivate weed seeds and other pest propagules. The aim of this study was to use a mesocosm-based field trial to assess soil heating, pH, volatile fatty acid accumulation and weed seed inactivation during biosolarization.

Results: Biosolarization for 8 days using 2% mature green waste compost and 2 or 5% tomato processing residues in the soil resulted in accumulation of volatile fatty acids in the soil, particularly acetic acid, and >95% inactivation of Brassica nigra and Solanum nigrum seeds.

Enrichment of microbial communities tolerant to the ionic liquids tetrabutylphosphonium chloride and tributylethylphosphonium diethylphosphate.

The aims of this study were to identify thermophilic microbial communities that degrade green waste in the presence of the ionic liquids (IL) tetrabutylphosphonium chloride and tributylethylphosphonium diethylphosphate and examine preservation methods for IL-tolerant communities. High-solids incubations with stepwise increases in IL concentration were conducted to enrich for thermophilic IL-tolerant communities that decomposed green waste. 16S rRNA sequencing of enriched communities revealed microorganisms capable of tolerating high levels of IL.

Assessment of tomato and wine processing solid wastes as soil amendments for biosolarization.

Pomaces from tomato paste and wine production are the most abundant fruit processing residues in California. These residues were examined as soil amendments for solarization to promote conditions conducive to soil disinfestation (biosolarization). Simulated biosolarization studies were performed in both aerobic and anaerobic soil environments and soil temperature elevation, pH, and evolution of CO2, H2 and CH4 gases were measured as metrics of soil microbial activity.

Velocity, occlusion, and sex of subjects in coincidence of anticipation.

The purpose of this study was to assess effects of velocity, occlusion distance, and sex on coincidence of anticipation. The Bassin anticipation timer was used to test 25 men and 25 women when velocity was .69 m/sec.

Pharmacokinetics of allopurinol in Dalmatian dogs.

The pharmacokinetics of allopurinol were studied in Dalmatian dogs. Eight dogs were given allopurinol orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for seven doses prior to sample collection. After a period of at least two weeks, four of these dogs and four additional Dalmatians were later given a single intravenous (i.

[3H]ouabain binding in skeletal muscle from horses with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis.

Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside, binds to the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (Na+ pump) and prevents active transport of Na+ and K+ across cell membranes. We used [3H]ouabain to quantify the number and affinity of Na+ pumps in skeletal muscle from Quarter Horses with the muscular disorder hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP). [3H]Ouabain-binding properties of gluteal muscle from clinically normal and affected horses were used to determine whether altered Na+ pump number or affinity could contribute to the pathologic features of muscle in affected horses.

Genetic study of hyperkalemic periodic paralysis in horses.

Four Quarter Horses (1 stallion, 3 mares) with hyperkalemic periodic paralysis were mated to unaffected horses to determine the genetic basis of the disease. The affected stallion was bred to 11 unaffected mares (4 Quarter Horses, 1 Arabian, 2 Standardbreds, and 4 Thoroughbreds). The 3 affected mares were bred to an unaffected Quarter Horse stallion.

Xanthine-containing urinary calculi in dogs given allopurinol.

Clinical features and laboratory findings were evaluated in 10 dogs that formed xanthine-containing urinary calculi during the period that they were given allopurinol (9 to 38 mg/kg of body weight/d). Duration of allopurinol treatment was 5 weeks to 6 years. Of the 10 dogs, 9 (all Dalmatians) had formed uric acid-containing calculi at least once before allopurinol treatment was initiated.

Furosemide and sodium bicarbonate-induced alkalosis in the horse and response to oral KCl or NaCl therapy.

Metabolic alkalosis was induced in 10 clinically normal horses by administration of furosemide (1 mg/kg of body weight, IM) followed 4.5 hours later by sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3; 500 g in 8 L water) via nasogastric tube. Furosemide diuresis resulted in a mean weight loss of 21.

Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after limiting distension of the gastric cardia or infusion of a beta-adrenergic amine in dogs.

Gas eructation function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) was investigated in 6 conscious dogs before and after a sleeve was placed around the GES and gastric cardia and during IV infusion of a beta-adrenergic amine (epinephrine). To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (351.4 +/- 2 ml/min; mean +/- SEM) into the stomach through 1 channel of a 4-lumen catheter.

Effects of corticosteroid treatment on survival time in dogs with chronic hepatitis: 151 cases (1977-1985).

Medical records of 151 dogs with chronic hepatitis were reviewed. Corticosteroid treatment had a statistically significant (P less than 0.005) effect on improving survival time when corticosteroid-treated dogs were compared with untreated dogs.

Influence of furosemide treatment on fluid and electrolyte balance in horses.

Alterations in electrolyte and acid-base balance were studied in 6 horses for 8 hours after furosemide administration (1 mg/kg of body weight, IM), and the results were compared with those for 5 healthy untreated horses (controls) kept under identical environmental conditions. In the treated group, decreases in plasma potassium, chloride, and calcium concentrations and increases in total plasma protein content persisted for the 8-hour observation period, whereas there was no change in plasma sodium concentration, osmolality, or packed cell volume. Plasma bicarbonate concentration and PCO2 remained high throughout the study, during which time venous blood pH was modestly increased only at the 6-hour sampling time.

Anal sphincter pressure and the rectosphincteric reflex in the dog.

Anal sphincter pressure (ASP) was measured in healthy conscious dogs, and the rectosphincteric reflex that causes inhibition of the internal sphincter was identified. Pressures were measured in 6 dogs by use of a perfused miniature 4-lumen catheter. To identify the rectosphincteric reflex, a balloon (fitted over the distal opening of the catheter) was insufflated with 25 ml of air.

Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after gastric fundectomy in dogs.

The gas eructation function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) was investigated in 6 conscious, fed dogs before and after gastric fundectomy. Using a perfused 4-lumen catheter with a Dent sleeve, gastric and GES pressures were measured. To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (440 ml/min) into the stomach through one channel of the catheter.

Plasma, red blood cell, total blood, and extracellular fluid volumes in healthy horse foals during growth.

During the growth interval encompassing age 2 days through 24 weeks, plasma, RBC, total blood, and extracellular fluid (ECF) volumes were determined in 7 healthy, resting foals. Evans blue dye and sodium thiocyanate were used to estimate plasma and ECF volumes, respectively. Absolute plasma volume remained stable from 2 days through 2 weeks of age, then increased progressively through 24 weeks of age.

Eructation of gas through the gastroesophageal sphincter before and after truncal vagotomy in dogs.

The function of the gastroesophageal sphincter (GES) to eructate gas before and after vagotomy was investigated in conscious, fed dogs. Gastric and GES pressures were measured in 5 dogs, using a perfused 4-lumen catheter with a Dent sleeve. To induce eructation, nitrogen gas was insufflated (440 ml/min) into the stomach through 1 channel of the catheter.

Use of pulmonary hydrogen gas excretion to detect carbohydrate malabsorption in dogs.

Pulmonary H2 excretion was measured in 10 healthy dogs, in 6 dogs with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency, and in 6 dogs with chronic small intestinal disease. Concentration of expired H2 in fasted healthy dogs was 0.9 +/- 0.

Evaluation of intestinal carbohydrate malabsorption in the dog by pulmonary hydrogen gas excretion.

Breath H2 was measured for the assessment of intestinal carbohydrate absorption in healthy, fasted dogs before and after the ingestion of carbohydrate test meals. The dogs were fed lactulose, xylose, glucose, a hypoallergenic diet, or the hypoallergenic diet supplemented with rice, corn, or wheat flour. Breath samples for H2 analysis were collected by an interval-sampling technique during tidal breathing and were analyzed by thermal conductivity gas chromatography.