Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
March 2021
Depression is an independent nontraditional risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS) rat model is a validated model of depression. Within the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), vasopressin (VP) via VR and VR have been implicated in stress and neurocardiovascular dysregulation.
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