Temporal summation of pain in sickle cell disease: comparison of adolescents and young adults with chronic vs. infrequent pain.

Objective: This study examined the role of central sensitization in the experience of pain among adolescents and young adults with the most severe genotypes of sickle cell disease (SCD). We hypothesized that adolescents and young adults with chronic SCD pain would demonstrate a higher perceptual response to repeated stimulation of identical intensity (i.e.

Adversity type and timing predict temporal summation of pain in African-American adults.

African Americans are disproportionately exposed to adversity across the lifespan, which includes both stressful and traumatic events. Adversity, in turn, is associated with alterations in pain responsiveness. Racial differences in pain responsiveness among healthy adults are well established.

Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Pathways Linking Adversity and Discrimination to Daily Pain in African-American Adults.

The tendency to ruminate, magnify, and experience helplessness in the face of pain - known as pain catastrophizing - is a strong predictor of pain outcomes and is associated with adversity. The ability to maintain functioning despite adversity - referred to as resilience - also influences pain outcomes. Understanding the extent to which pain catastrophizing and resilience influence relations between adversity and daily pain in healthy African-American adults could improve pain risk assessment and mitigate racial disparities in the transition from acute to chronic pain.

Racial, Gender, and Neighborhood-Level Disparities in Pediatric Trauma Care.

Background: Disparities in trauma outcomes and care are well established for adults, but the extent to which similar disparities are observed in pediatric trauma patients requires further investigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the unique contributions of social determinants (race, gender, insurance status, community distress, rurality/urbanicity) on trauma outcomes after controlling for specific injury-related risk factors.

Study Design: All pediatric (age < 18) trauma patients admitted to a single level 1 trauma center with a statewide, largely rural, catchment area from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed (n = 14,398).

Social determinants of trauma care: Associations of race, insurance status, and place on opioid prescriptions, postdischarge referrals, and mortality.

Background: Racial disparities in trauma care have been reported for a range of outcomes, but the extent to which these remain after accounting for socioeconomic and environmental factors remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the unique contributions of race, health insurance, community distress, and rurality/urbanicity on trauma outcomes after carefully controlling for specific injury-related risk factors.

Methods: All adult (age, ≥18 years) trauma patients admitted to a single Level I trauma center with a statewide, largely rural, catchment area from January 2010 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed.