Implementing a Comprehensive CPR Education in New York State Public High Schools: Ideas, Drawbacks, & Future Directions.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving skill that can be employed when people experience cardiac arrest. While the benefits of CPR on survival are well known, much of the American population remains uneducated on how to perform it. There are many reasons for this, ranging from the cost of CPR courses to fear of making mistakes in emergency situations.

Navigating Post-Traumatic Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions.

Post-traumatic osteoporosis (PTO) presents a significant challenge in clinical practice, characterized by demineralization and decreased skeletal integrity following severe traumatic injuries. This literature review manuscript addresses the knowledge gaps surrounding PTO, encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and future directions. This review emphasizes the complexity of the etiology of PTO, highlighting the dysregulation of biomineralization processes, inflammatory cytokine involvement, hormonal imbalances, glucocorticoid effects, vitamin D deficiency, and disuse osteoporosis.

Ninerafaxstat in the Treatment of Cardiometabolic Disease: Shifting Metabolic Paradigms.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a wide array of conditions that damage the heart muscle and impede its ability to effectively circulate blood throughout the body. In damaged or pathological states, the heart muscle might not function as effectively as it would have had there been no insult to it. Understanding this, certain CVDs can put the heart in a "metabolic disadvantage"-a state in which it cannot synthesize energy stores, in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), as efficiently as it was once able to do.

Percutaneous Tricuspid Valve Repair: The Triclip.

Tricuspid regurgitation is an often overlooked, but severe cardiac valvular disease associated with significant morbidity and poor quality of life. Tricuspid valve surgery is the only treatment that prevents progression of the disease but is often complicated or made impossible by perioperative risk factors. Due to the high-risk nature, tricuspid valve surgery is typically only done for severe tricuspid regurgitation at the time of left heart surgery, leaving many patients untreated.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Education in United States Schools: Shortcomings and Future Directions.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving procedure that is performed during a cardiac arrest. CPR consists of chest compressions, rescue breaths, and the usage of an automated external defibrillator (AED) based on availability. Performance of CPR can greatly increase the chances of survival by enabling the manual perfusion of vital organs in lieu of the heart's normal function.

Pitavastatin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in People Living with HIV: A Review.

HIV is associated with a wide array of pathophysiologic mechanisms that ultimately contribute to mortality. While HIV is traditionally known as a disease that attacks the immune system, it is now established that infection with HIV can cause cardiovascular disease (CVD). Through inflammation, atherogenesis, interactions with antiretroviral therapy/highly-active antiretroviral therapy (ART/HAART), and other mechanisms, HIV is an independent risk factor for the development of CVD.

Gut microbiome and antibiotic resistance effects during travelers' diarrhea treatment and prevention.

The travelers' gut microbiome is potentially assaulted by acute and chronic perturbations (e.g., diarrhea, antibiotic use, and different environments).

Factor XI/XIa Inhibitors: A New Approach to Anticoagulation.

For more than 60 years, anticoagulation drugs have served as a mainstay in preserving and improving the cardiovascular health of patients across the globe. Functioning to reduce a patient's ability to produce blood clots, prescription rates for anticoagulants have been steadily rising year-over-year both in the United States and abroad. Despite decades of clinical usage, modern-day anticoagulants have been shown to predispose an individual to pathological bleeding.

The vascular complications of diabetes: a review of their management, pathogenesis, and prevention.

Introduction: This review highlights the pathogenesis of both microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes and how these mechanisms influence both the management and preventative strategies of these complications. The cumulative data shown in this review suggest hyperglycemic and blood pressure control remain central to this intricate process.

Areas Covered: We reviewed the literature including retrospective, prospective trials as well as meta-analysis, and post hoc analysis of randomized trials on microvascular andmacrovascular complications.

Artificial Intelligence in the Prevention and Detection of Cardiovascular Disease.

For more than 60 years, artificial intelligence (AI) has served as a mainstay in augmenting and assisting the lives of individuals across a wide array of interests and professional fields. Functioning to create deep computer simulations, analyze data, solve problems, and synthesize human behavior/emotion, AI has recently become a topic of popular interest in many fields of medicine. Despite decades of usage, modern AI-and its newer branch of machine learning (ML)-have yet to find a fully established and regulated niche in medicine.

Immune response, phenotyping and molecular graft surveillance in kidney transplant recipients following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination.

Background: Understanding immunogenicity and alloimmune risk following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in kidney transplant recipients is imperative to understanding the correlates of protection and to inform clinical guidelines.

Methods: We studied 50 kidney transplant recipients following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and quantified their anti-spike protein antibody, donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA), gene expression profiling (GEP), and alloantibody formation.

Results: Participants were stratified using nucleocapsid testing as either SARS-CoV-2-naïve or experienced prior to vaccination.

Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Barriers, Future Directions, and Ethical Considerations.

Since data collection began in 1995, 12,713 people have died while waiting for a heart transplant. Combined with a significant number of individuals with end-stage organ disease-eligible and waiting to receive a transplant offer-is a critical shortage of registered organ donors and acceptable organs. Strategies to overcome this organ shortage include efforts to increase the number of individuals registered as donors as well as new therapeutic approaches to managing organs that would have been otherwise deemed unacceptable for donation.