Implementation of spirometry screening for post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) among adolescents and adults enrolled within the National Tuberculosis Control Program of Carmelo Hospital in Chókwè District, Mozambique: A hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation study protocol.

Background: Despite receiving adequate treatment, many tuberculosis (TB) survivors are left with post-tuberculosis complications, possibly due to lung tissue damage incurred during the active period of the disease. Current TB programs worldwide deliver quality care throughout the course of active TB treatment, yet often fail to provide organized follow-up once treatment ends. Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is a prominent, yet underrecognized cause of chronic lung disease, managed similarly to chronic respiratory diseases with pharmacotherapy and/or personalized pulmonary rehabilitation interventions.

Evaluating empiric antibiotic prescribing for hospitalized children in Mozambique through the introduction of a quarterly syndromic antibiogram: An implementation science protocol.

Antimicrobials are the most frequently prescribed drug in pediatrics, with an estimated 37% of infants and 61% of hospitalized children having received them. Approximately 20-50% of prescriptions have been shown to be potentially unnecessary or inappropriate. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the continued increase in antimicrobial resistance by the year 2050 will lead to the death of 10 million people per year.

Antibiotic prescribing practices for acute respiratory illness in children less than 24 months of age in Kenema, Sierra Leone: is it time to move beyond algorithm driven decision making?

Background: Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of mortality in young children globally. In many resource-limited settings clinicians rely on guidelines such as IMCI or ETAT + that promote empiric antibiotic utilization for management of acute respiratory illness (ARI). Numerous evaluations of both guidelines have shown an overall positive response however, several challenges have also been reported, including the potential for over-prescribing of unnecessary antibiotics.