Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Clearance, is It Feasible and Safe After Failed Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography?

Concomitant gallstones and common bile duct (CBD) stones is a common problem, and there is still no consensus on the best approach in the management. Options include preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with CBD exploration, and LC with postoperative ERCP. Each option has its own limitations and complications.