Effect of high-intensity interval training on hippocampal metabolism in older adolescents.

Although well-evidenced in older adults, the effects of exercise on the hippocampus in youth are relatively unknown. This study examined the impact of a 6-month school-based physical activity intervention on hippocampal metabolism in adolescents using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A subset of lower fit older adolescents [N = 56, 61% female, 16.

Influence of life history variation and habitat on mercury bioaccumulation in a high-order predatory fish in tropical Australia.

Mercury distribution and bioaccumulation in aquatic ecosystems of tropical Australia is poorly characterised. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer), a widespread high-order predator in both fresh and coastal marine waters of the region, fulfils requirements for a bio-indicator of mercury contamination. In a study of the Mary River system of the Northern Territory, total mercury in the muscle tissue of 300 specimens gathered over four years (2013-2017, across both wet and dry seasons) was determined by direct combustion-atomic absorption spectrometry.

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein Kinase: A Potential Master Puppeteer of Oxidative Stress-Induced Metabolic Recycling.

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated protein kinase (ATM) has recently come to the fore as a regulatory protein fulfilling many roles in the fine balancing act of metabolic homeostasis. Best known for its role as a transducer of DNA damage repair, the activity of ATM in the cytosol is enjoying increasing attention, where it plays a central role in general cellular recycling (macroautophagy) as well as the targeted clearance (selective autophagy) of damaged mitochondria and peroxisomes in response to oxidative stress, independently of the DNA damage response. The importance of ATM activation by oxidative stress has also recently been highlighted in the clearance of protein aggregates, where the expression of a functional ATM construct that cannot be activated by oxidative stress resulted in widespread accumulation of protein aggregates.

Multicentre study of prepectoral breast reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix.

Background: Single-stage reconstruction is used widely after mastectomy. Prepectoral implant placement is a relatively new technique. This multicentre audit examined surgical outcomes following prepectoral reconstruction using acellular dermal matrix (ADM).

The Warwick Experience of the Oncotype DX® Breast Recurrence Score® Assay as a Predictor of Chemotherapy Administration.

Introduction: Oncotype DX® analyses the expression of 21 genes within tumour tissue to determine a Recurrence Score® (RS). RS is a marker of risk for distant recurrence in oestrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer, allowing patient-specific benefit of chemotherapy to be evaluated. Our aim was to determine whether the introduction of Oncotype DX led to a net reduction in chemotherapy use.

Training and match volume and injury in adolescents playing multiple contact team sports: A prospective cohort study.

Training and competition loads have emerged as valuable injury risk factors but very few studies have explored injury outcomes in adolescent athletes. The aims of this study were to describe injuries and to explore the relationship between training and match load volumes and injury in adolescent athletes participating in multiple contact team sports. One hundred and three male youth rugby athletes aged 14-16 years from 8 rugby union teams were prospectively monitored during a season for weekly training and match volumes and injuries.

Individual Factors Affecting Rugby Sevens Match Performance.

To examine the collective independent influence of a range of individual characteristics on physical and technical match performance during international rugby sevens matches. Data were collected from 20 international rugby sevens players from 1 team across 1 season. Activity profiles were measured using wearable microtechnology devices, and technical performance measures were collected from match video analysis.

Early multicentre experience of pre-pectoral implant based immediate breast reconstruction using Braxon.

Background: The last two decades have seen significant changes in surgical management of breast cancer. The offer of immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) following mastectomy is currently standard practice. Skin sparing and nipple sparing mastectomy with implant-based IBR have emerged as oncologically safe treatment options.

Effects of 12-Week Resistance Training on Sprint and Jump Performances in Competitive Adolescent Rugby Union Players.

Harries, SK, Lubans, DR, Buxton, A, MacDougall, THJ, and Callister, R. Effects of 12-week resistance training on sprint and jump performances in competitive adolescent rugby union players. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2762-2769, 2018-Sprint performance is an important characteristic for success in many sports, including rugby union.

Barriers to implementing the revised ESPGHAN guidelines for coeliac disease in children: a cross-sectional survey of coeliac screen reporting in laboratories in England.

Background: European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) guidelines for diagnosing paediatric coeliac disease (CD) were revised in 2012. This enabled serological diagnosis in a selective group of symptomatic children using anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) titre, antiendomysial antibodies (EMA) and HLA DQ2/DQ8 status. However, observing variations in the availability of serological tests for CD within our region, we conducted a countrywide survey to explore the diversity of these tests for all paediatric centres.

A protocol for identifying suitable biomarkers to assess fish health: A systematic review.

Background: Biomarkers have been used extensively to provide the connection between external levels of contaminant exposure, internal levels of tissue contamination, and early adverse effects in organisms.

Objectives: To present a three-step protocol for identifying suitable biomarkers to assess fish health in coastal and marine ecosystems, using Gladstone Harbour (Australia) as a case study.

Methods: Prior to applying our protocol, clear working definitions for biomarkers were developed to ensure consistency with the global literature on fish health assessment.

The Diet Quality of Competitive Adolescent Male Rugby Union Players with Energy Balance Estimated Using Different Physical Activity Coefficients.

Objectives: The aims of the current study were to comprehensively assess the dietary intakes and diet quality of a sample of Australian competitive adolescent rugby union players and compare these intakes with National and Sports Dietitians Association (SDA) Recommendations for adolescent athletes. A secondary aim investigated applying different physical activity level (PAL) coefficients to determine total energy expenditure (TEE) in order to more effectively evaluate the adequacy of energy intakes.

Design: Cross-sectional.

A novel bioassay using the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite to evaluate chronic effects of aluminium, gallium and molybdenum in tropical marine receiving environments.

A need exists for appropriate tools to evaluate risk and monitor potential effects of contaminants in tropical marine environments, as currently impact assessments are conducted by non-representative approaches. Here, a novel bioassay is presented that allows for the estimation of the chronic toxicity of contaminants in receiving tropical marine environments. The bioassay is conducted using planktonic larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite and is targeted at generating environmentally relevant, chronic toxicity data for water quality guideline derivation or compliance testing.

Patient anxiety on the use of one step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) during breast cancer surgery.

Introduction: Assessment of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is used to stage the axilla in patients with breast cancer. There are a variety of methods to assess metastatic disease within the SLN. One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) has a high sensitivity for detecting metastatic disease within the SLN and avoids the use of staged axillary surgery.

The Epidemiology of Injuries in Australian Professional Rugby Union 2014 Super Rugby Competition.

Background: Rugby union is a collision-based ball sport played at the professional level internationally. Rugby union has one of the highest reported incidences of injury of all team sports.

Purpose: To identify the characteristics, incidence, and severity of injuries occurring in Australian professional Super Rugby Union.

At a glance: common (abdominal) surgical conditions in children.

In children, surgical conditions of the abdomen can present with rather non-specific symptoms akin to other common, self-limiting pathologies. These factors can impede diagnosis and the rapid specialist management that is often required. Community practitioners are often the first health professional to see the sick child and advise their caregivers.

Patients' perspective on day case breast surgery.

Background: This study assessed the views of patients undergoing breast surgery for breast cancer with a planned overnight stay, asking whether they would be happy to be discharged home on the same day of surgery.

Methods: A structured questionnaire sent out in the 6 weeks following surgery was used to ascertain the patients' views.

Results: The majority of patients undergoing mastectomy and axillary node clearance preferred an overnight stay, primarily for psychological reasons.

Comparison of resistance training progression models on maximal strength in sub-elite adolescent rugby union players.

Objectives: To determine changes in maximal strength between two different resistance training progression models, linear (LP) and daily undulating (DUP), over a 12-week resistance training programme in sub-elite adolescent rugby union players.

Design: The study used a quasi-experimental study design. Following baseline assessments, participants from Squad 1 were randomised to either LP or DUP; participants from Squad 2 formed a non-randomised comparison group (CON).

Systematic review and meta-analysis of linear and undulating periodized resistance training programs on muscular strength.

Periodization is known to improve training adaptations but the most effective periodization approach for muscular strength development for a wide variety of populations is yet to be determined. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined all studies directly comparing linear and undulating periodized resistance training programs to determine and compare their effects on muscular strength. A systematic search of the MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and SPORTDiscus databases revealed 17 studies satisfying the inclusion criteria.

Development, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the resistance training skills battery.

The aim of this study was to describe the development and assess test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Resistance Training Skills Battery (RTSB) for adolescents. The RTSB provides an assessment of resistance training skill competency and includes 6 exercises (i.e.

Rater agreement of a test battery designed to assess adolescents' resistance training skill competency.

Objectives: The study aim was to assess rater agreement of the Resistance Training Skills Battery (RTSB) for adolescents. The RTSB provides an assessment of resistance training skill competency and includes six exercises. The RTSB can be used to assess performance and progress in adolescent resistance training programmes and to provide associated feedback to participants.