Modelling emergency response times for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) patients in rural areas of the North of England using routinely collected data.

Background: National response time targets for ambulance services are known to be more strongly maintained in urban areas compared to rural. That may mean that responses in rural areas could be less immediate which can in turn affect survival of those experiencing cardiac arrest. Thus, analysis of variation in response times using routinely collected data can be used to understand which rural areas have the highest need for emergency intervention.

Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: An Update.

In this review, we discuss recent developments in our understanding of frontal fibrosing alopecia, a disease that has become increasingly common and widespread since its first description in 1994. An inherited predisposition to frontal fibrosing alopecia, previously suspected from the occurrence of familial cases, has been confirmed through genetic studies. Nevertheless, the epidemiology continues to implicate environmental factors in the aetiology.

School-Based Health Care: An Overview.

The school building provides a unique opportunity to prevent, identify, and treat illness in children. School staff must be prepared to care for children with acute and chronic health care needs and pediatricians should be aware of the health resources available in local schools for their patients. This article provides an overview of multiple school-based health topics including the roles of various school health professionals, medication administration in the school setting, the legal protections around health information, school-based health centers, and the rise of telehealth.

Constituents From Brazilian Propolis Against Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae, Two Bacteria Affecting Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus).

Edwardsiella ictaluri and Flavobacterium covae are two bacteria species that cause diseases in farm-raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that cause heavy economic damage to the aquaculture industry, particularly to the channel catfish farming. In search for environmentally benign antibacterial compounds active against E. ictaluri and F.

Availability of published evidence on coverage, cost components, and funding support for digitalisation of infectious disease surveillance in Africa, 2003-2022: a systematic review.

Background: The implementation of digital disease surveillance systems at national levels in Africa have been challenged by many factors. These include user applicability, utility of IT features but also stable financial support. Funding closely intertwines with implementations in terms of geographical reach, disease focus, and sustainability.

Youth Gun Violence.

Gun violence is a rapidly growing concern for youth. As rates of death by firearm rise, so does exposure to firearm violence and high levels of accompanying morbidity. Although gun violence cannot be attributed to any one cause, it is important pediatric health care providers understand the prevalence of this issue.

Vibration assisted analgesia during intralesional corticosteroid therapy for alopecia.

Intralesional corticosteroid therapy (ICT) is a recommended management strategy for various inflammatory hair loss disorders. Pain from ICT can limit the use of this treatment, particularly in younger people and those with needle phobia. We present data demonstrating that vibration assisted analgesia, is a safe, effective and easy to use technique, which minimises pain from ICT, allowing its use in a wider cohort of patients.

Hospital-Based Healthcare Workers' Experiences of Involvement in Perinatal Child Protection Processes: A Scoping Literature Review.

As the number of infants entering Out-of-Home Care at birth internationally continues to rise, Hospital-based healthcare workers (HBHCWs) are increasingly likely to become involved in ethically, morally, and legally complex child protection processes. This scoping review aimed to identify and synthesize qualitative literature pertaining to the perspectives of HBHCWs with experiences of involvement in child protection processes occurring in the perinatal period. JBI Methodology for Scoping Reviews guided this review.

Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian.

The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo.

Dandruff lesional scalp skin exhibits epidermal T cell infiltration and a weakened hair follicle immune privilege.

Objective: Dandruff is characterised by the presence of perivascular leukocytes and mild inflammation; however, the immune microenvironment of dandruff-affected scalp skin and the potential changes to the hair follicle's (HF) physiological immune privilege (HF IP) remain unknown. Here, we characterised the HF immune microenvironment and immune privilege status in dandruff-affected scalp skin.

Methods: We assessed relevant key parameters in healthy versus dandruff-affected human scalp biopsies using quantitative immunohistomorphometry, laser capture microdissection, and RNA sequencing.

The Alopecia Areata Severity and Morbidity Index (ASAMI) Study: Results From a Global Expert Consensus Exercise on Determinants of Alopecia Areata Severity.

Importance: Current measures of alopecia areata (AA) severity, such as the Severity of Alopecia Tool score, do not adequately capture overall disease impact.

Objective: To explore factors associated with AA severity beyond scalp hair loss, and to support the development of the Alopecia Areata Severity and Morbidity Index (ASAMI).

Evidence Review: A total of 74 hair and scalp disorder specialists from multiple continents were invited to participate in an eDelphi project consisting of 3 survey rounds.

Establishing the financial burden of alopecia areata and its predictors.

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) can have a significant impact on wellbeing. Consequently, individuals with AA often seek treatments or products to promote hair regrowth or camouflage their hair loss that incur a financial cost to the individual.

Objectives: The current study aimed to examine the direct financial burden of AA to understand the wider impact of the condition and the factors which influence spending on products and services.

Nivolumab-Induced Lichen Planopilaris: Case Report and Literature Review of Hair Disorders Associated with Targeted Oncological Therapies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapies. Their mechanism promotes a cytotoxic T-cell activation against the tumor cells, but as a consequence, immune-mediated toxicities are increasingly being identified. Cutaneous immune-mediated adverse events (AE) occur in 32% of patients, with possible higher grade AEs seen with anti-programmed cell death protein 1, such as nivolumab.

Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Objectives: Our focus within this review is to summarize key advances and new therapeutic approaches within advanced triple-negative breast cancer. In addition, we highlight the importance of multidisciplinary management, discussing key issues for patients and importance of the supportive role that specialist nurses provide.

Data Sources: Peer-reviewed literature, clinical practice guidelines, clinical trial, and government websites.

Bridging the gap - estimation of 2022/2023 SARS-CoV-2 healthcare burden in Germany based on multidimensional data from a rapid epidemic panel.

Objectives: Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Germany like other countries lacked adaptive population-based panels to monitor the spread of epidemic diseases.

Methods: To fill a gap in population-based estimates needed for winter 2022/23 we resampled in the German SARS-CoV-2 cohort study MuSPAD in mid-2022, including characterization of systemic cellular and humoral immune responses by interferon-γ-release assay (IGRA) and CLIA/IVN assay. We were able to confirm categorization of our study population into four groups with differing protection levels against severe COVID-19 courses based on literature synthesis.

Association of known SARS-CoV-2 serostatus and adherence to personal protection measures and the impact of personal protective measures on seropositivity in a population-based cross-sectional study (MuSPAD) in Germany.

Background: In 2020/2021 in Germany, several non-pharmacological interventions were introduced to lower the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We investigated to what extent knowledge of prior infection with SARS-CoV-2 or vaccination status influenced the use of personal protection measures (PPM). Further, we were interested in the effect of compliance with PPM on SARS-CoV-2 serostatus.