Temperature-dependent phenology of Campaea margaritaria (L) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) derived from field data.

A new phenology model, using thermal sums of triangulated daily temperatures, was applied to the derivation and validation of lower temperature threshold limit and thermal constants of bivoltine Campaea margaritaria (L) from 70 observed flight peak days in The Netherlands (period of 1986-2020) and daily ambient air temperatures of 10 weather stations. Development was assumed to be controlled directly by temperature for the summer generation. During fall a diapause of young larvae was assumed and confirmed.

Influence of temperature and origin of dissolved organic matter on the partitioning behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Background, Aim, And Scope: The behavior of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is affected by dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in pore water of soils and sediments. Since partitioning to DOM reduces the bioavailable or freely dissolved PAH concentration in pore water, it is important to assess the effect of environmental variables on the magnitude of dissolved organic matter to water partition coefficients (K (DOC)). The objective of this study was to apply passive samplers to measure freely dissolved PAHs allowing depletion from the aqueous phase.

Enhanced kinetics of solid-phase microextraction and biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of dissolved organic matter.

The uptake kinetics of fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene by solid-phase microextraction fibers was studied in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) obtained from sediment pore water and resulted in increased fiber absorption and desorption rate coefficients. Compared to the control without DOM, these rate coefficients were increased at a DOM concentration of 36.62 mg/L by a factor of 1.

Supercooled liquid vapour pressures and related thermodynamic properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons determined by gas chromatography.

A gas chromatographic method using Kováts retention indices has been applied to determine the liquid vapour pressure (P(i)), enthalpy of vaporization (DeltaH(i)) and difference in heat capacity between gas and liquid phase (DeltaC(i)) for a group of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This group consists of 19 unsubstituted, methylated and sulphur containing PAHs. Differences in log P(i) of -0.

Effect of bioaugmentation and supplementary carbon sources on degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a soil-derived culture.

The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by an undefined culture obtained from a PAH-polluted soil and the same culture bioaugmented with three PAH-degrading strains was studied in carbon-limited chemostat cultures. The PAHs were degraded efficiently by the soil culture and bioaugmentation did not significantly improve the PAH degrading performance. The presence of PAHs did, however, influence the bacterial composition of the bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented soil cultures, resulting in the increase in cell concentration of sphingomonad strains.

Fate and transport of monoterpenes through soils. Part I. Prediction of temperature dependent soil fate model input-parameters.

Monoterpenes are C10H(n)O(n') compounds of natural origin and are potentially environmentally safe substitutes for traditional pesticides. Still, an assessment of their environmental behaviour is required. As a first step in a theoretical study focussing on monoterpenes applied as pesticides to terrestrial environments, soil fate model input-parameters were determined for 20 monoterpenes with widely different structural characteristics.

Influence of long contact times on sediment sorption kinetics of spiked chlorinated compounds.

The desorption kinetics of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 2,4,4'-trichlororbiphenyl (PCB 28) spiked to a field sediment were studied using a gas-purge technique. A contact time of up to 1,461 d was used to assess long-term changes in desorption kinetics. Purge-induced desorption experiments lasted from 300 to more than 4,000 h.

Fate and transport of monoterpenes through soils. Part II: calculation of the effect of soil temperature, water saturation and organic carbon content.

This theoretical study was performed to investigate the influence of soil temperature, soil water content and soil organic carbon fraction on the mobility of monoterpenes (C10HnOn') applied as pesticides to a top soil layer. This mobility was expressed as the amount volatilized and leached from the contaminated soil layer after a certain amount of time. For this, (slightly modified) published analytical solutions to a one dimensional, homogeneous medium, diffusion/advection/biodegradation mass balance equation were used.

Temperature effects on very slow desorption of native chlorobenzenes from sediment to water.

The temperature dependence of the kinetics of very slow desorption of eight chlorobenzenes was studied in laboratory batch experiments on a field-contaminated sediment from Lake Ketelmeer, The Netherlands. The observed rate constants for very slow desorption averaged (1.5 +/- 0.

Estimation of kinetic parameter for the biotransformation of three-ring azaarenes by the phenanthrene-degrading strain Sphingomonas sp. LH128.

We examined the biotransformation of several azaarenes to get information on their rate of removal from contaminated soil by cometabolic degradation. Acridine, 9-methyl-acridine, phenanthridine, benzo[f]quinoline, and benzo[h]quinoline were found to be cometabolized by phenanthrene-degrading Sphingomonas sp. strain LH128.

Influence of phenanthrene and fluoranthene on the degradation of fluorene and glucose by Sphingomonas sp. strain LB126 in chemostat cultures.

Abstract Since bacteria degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds (PAHs) in polluted soils are generally exposed to mixtures of PAHs, we examined the influence of simple PAH mixtures on the degradation activity of Sphingomonas sp. strain LB126. Fluorene serves as sole carbon and energy source for the strain LB126 and phenanthrene and fluoranthene are cometabolically degraded by this species.

Elucidation of the metabolic pathway of fluorene and cometabolic pathways of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene and dibenzothiophene by Sphingomonas sp. LB126.

The metabolic pathway of the PAH fluorene and the cometabolic pathway of the PAHs phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene and dibenzothiophene in Sphingomonas sp. LB126 were examined. To our knowledge this is the first study on the cometabolic degradation of the three-ring PAHs phenanthrene, anthracene and the four-ring PAH fluoranthene by a fluorene-utilizing species.

Calculation of the interaction between dissolved organic carbon and organic micropollutants by three dimensional force field methods.

A 3D optimized potential for liquid simulation (OPLS) force field method with 6-31G* atomic charges and a geometrical optimization approach was studied for the calculation of enthalpies of transfer at 300 K of partitioning processes. A 3D fulvic acid model of dissolved organic carbon was built. Limonene, alpha-pinene, fluoranthene, p,p'-DDT, and 2,4-D were inserted into a general site of preference, and interaction energies were calculated.

Degradation of anthracene by Mycobacterium sp. strain LB501T proceeds via a novel pathway, through o-phthalic acid.

Mycobacterium sp. strain LB501T utilizes anthracene as a sole carbon and energy source. We analyzed cultures of the wild-type strain and of UV-generated mutants impaired in anthracene utilization for metabolites to determine the anthracene degradation pathway.

Gas chromatographic determination of vapour pressure and related thermodynamic properties of monoterpenes and biogenically related compounds.

The (subcooled) liquid vapour pressure, heat of vapourization and gas-liquid heat capacity difference of monoterpenes and biogenically related compounds were determined by a gas-liquid chromatographic method based on Kovats retention indices. Compared to those used in previous studies using the same method, these compounds are structurally diverse and have relatively low boiling points. Despite of this and even though the difference in activity coefficients in the chromatographic column stationary phase between the test and reference compounds were ignored, results for vapour pressure compare favorably with experimental literature data.