Early resistance rehabilitation improves functional regeneration following segmental bone defect injury.

Many studies have explored different loading and rehabilitation strategies, yet rehabilitation intensity and its impact on the local strain environment and bone healing have largely not been investigated. This study combined implantable strain sensors and subject-specific finite element models in a 2 mm rodent segmental bone defect model. After injury animals were underwent high or low intensity rehabilitation.

Improving Functional Muscle Regeneration in Volumetric Muscle Loss Injuries by Shifting the Balance of Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators.

Severe tissue loss resulting from extremity trauma, such as volumetric muscle loss (VML), poses significant clinical challenges for both general and military populations. VML disrupts the endogenous tissue repair mechanisms, resulting in acute and unresolved chronic inflammation and immune cell presence, impaired muscle healing, scar tissue formation, persistent pain, and permanent functional deficits. The aberrant healing response is preceded by acute inflammation and immune cell infiltration which does not resolve.

[Subtuberosity anterior closing wedge osteotomy to correct the increased posterior slope of the tibial plateau].

Objective: Reduction of increased reclination of the tibial plateau (posterior slope) to improve the anterior stability of the knee joint.

Indications: Increased posterior reclination of the tibial plateau greater than 12° in combination with recurrent instability after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Contraindications: Hyperextension of more than 15° (relative).

[Patient-specific cutting guides in corrective osteotomy near to the knee joint].

Objective: Patient-specific cutting guides (PSCG) are used in osteotomy near to the knee joint to simplify the operative technique, shorten the duration of surgery, reduce radiation exposure and to exactly realize the preoperative planning during surgery, especially when complex deformities are corrected simultaneously in multiple planes.

Indications: The application of PSCG is in principle possible in all osteotomies near to the knee joint but is especially useful in multidimensional, complex osteotomy.

Contraindications: No specific contraindications.

Local FK506 delivery induces osteogenesis in rat bone defect and rabbit spine fusion models.

Bone grafting procedures are commonly used for the repair, regeneration, and fusion of bones in in a wide range of orthopaedic surgeries, including large bone defects and spine fusion procedures. Autografts are the clinical gold standard, though recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs) are often used, particularly in difficult clinical situations. However, treatment with rhBMPs can have off-target effects and significantly increase surgical costs, adding to patients' already high economic and mental burden.

Gene-dosage- and sex-dependent differences in the prodromal-Like phase of the F344tgHD rat model for Huntington disease.

In Huntington disease (HD) the prodromal phase has been increasingly investigated and is currently in focus for early interventional treatments. Also, the influence of sex on disease progression and severity in patients is under discussion, as a sex-specific impact has been reported in transgenic rodent models for HD. To this end, we have been studying these aspects in Sprague Dawley rats transgenic for HD.

Tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance is significantly decreased by medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy.

Purpose: While medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy (MCWDFO) has been used to address patella instability combined with valgus malalignment, its impact on patellofemoral parameters remains uncharted. Hence, this study seeks to establish a three-dimensional (3D) planning of MCWDFO and measure its effect on the tibial tubercle - trochlear groove distance (TTTG) through simulation and calculation.

Methods: MCWDFO with a stepwise increment of one-degree varisation (1°-15°) was performed on 3D surface models of 14 lower extremities with valgus malalignment and 24 lower extremities with neutral alignment of the lower limb, resulting in a total of 608 simulations.

[Double-Level De-Rotational Osteotomy of the Knee].

Derotational osteotomies of the proximal tibia and distal femur are a common surgical treatment option in patients with a congenital or posttraumatic torsional deformity. Clinically, these patients present with isolated anterior knee pain alone or in in combination with patellofemoral instability. Since the combination of femoral and tibial deformity is common (quotation Cooke), a combined surgical treatment is needed for these cases.

Young human alpha synuclein transgenic (BAC-SNCA) mice display sex- and gene-dose-dependent phenotypic disturbances.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative movement disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the accumulation of aggregated alpha synuclein (aSyn). The disease often presents with early prodromal non-motor symptoms and later motor symptoms. Diagnosing PD based purely on motor symptoms is often too late for successful intervention, as a significant neuronal loss has already occurred.

Ultrasound assessment of brain supplying arteries (transcranial).

Ultrasonography of intracranial arteries is a non-invasive and highly efficient method for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cerebrovascular diseases, also in the bedside setting of the critically ill. For reliable assessment and interpretation of sonographic findings, the technique requires - apart from dedicated anatomic and pathophysiological knowledge of cerebral arteries and their hemodynamics - the comprehension of alternative imaging modalities such as CT or MR angiography. This article reviews the transcranial color-coded duplex sonographic (TCCS) examination technique including the transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) for a standardized ultrasound assessment of the intracranial arteries and typical pathological cases.

Does bone wax make sense in off-pump coronary surgery? A prospective randomized study.

Introduction: The effect of bone wax on sternal infection and intraoperative bleeding in off-pump coronary surgery has not been reported in current literature.

Aim: To prospectively evalute this in a cohort of high risk patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery surgery at our institution. The potential impact on cell saver utilization was also studied.

Intraoperative control by Schanz-screws is inaccurate to achieve the exact amount of correction in de-rotational osteotomies.

Purpose: The accuracy of intraoperative control of correction commonly is achieved by K-wires or Schanz-screws in combination with goniometer in de-rotational osteotomies. The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy of intraoperative torsional control in de-rotational femoral and tibial osteotomies. It is hypothesized, that intraoperative control by Schanz-screws and goniometer in de-rotational osteotomies around the knee is a safe and well predictable method to control the surgical torsional correction intraoperatively.

Determination of Standard Values for Knee Version in a Healthy Population.

Background: Different measures are used to describe relevant anatomic variations that can result in patellofemoral instability and disorders. Knee version, the relative rotational alignment between the femur and tibia in the axial plane at the level of the knee, may have a decisive effect on the kinematics of the patellofemoral joint. However, data regarding the values of knee version are currently lacking.

Impact of smoking on the outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass.

Background: Tobacco smoking has been associated with an increased risk of complications after conventional coronary surgery. However, the impact of smoking on the risk of postoperative complications in minimally invasive coronary surgery is yet to be studied. We aimed to analyze the impact of the preoperative smoking status on the short- and long-term outcomes of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) in the context of isolated surgical revascularization or in association with percutaneous coronary intervention.

Patient response to osteotomy around the knee joint at one year post-operation-fulfilment of expectations and current health status.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate patient satisfaction and fulfilment of expectations after osteotomy around the knee at one year postoperatively, using patient-related outcome measures.

Materials And Methods: From the initial sample of 264 patients, a total of 132 patients (age 48y ± 11) were enrolled in this prospective study (response rate 49.3%).

Correction of tibial tubercle trochlea groove distance is related to torsional correction in high tibial derotational osteotomy.

Purpose: High tibial osteotomy with internal tibial derotation (high tibial derotation osteotomy = HTDRO) is a common surgical treatment in patients with patellofemoral malalignment alone or in combination with patellofemoral instability. Operative techniques and theoretical calculations may assume that correction of the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TTTG) distance is related to the amount of torsional correction. The purpose of this investigation was to predict the change in TTTG distance in HTDRO through a clinical study.

Robot-assisted vs. conventional MIDCAB: A propensity-matched analysis.

Background: Robotic assistance (RA) in the harvesting of internal thoracic artery during minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) provides several potential benefits for surgeon and patient in comparison with conventional MIDCAB. The two technical options have not been thoroughly compared in the literature yet. We aimed to perform this in our cohort with the use of propensity-score matching (PSM).

Systemic Immune Modulation Alters Local Bone Regeneration in a Delayed Treatment Composite Model of Non-Union Extremity Trauma.

Bone non-unions resulting from severe traumatic injuries pose significant clinical challenges, and the biological factors that drive progression towards and healing from these injuries are still not well understood. Recently, a dysregulated systemic immune response following musculoskeletal trauma has been identified as a contributing factor for poor outcomes and complications such as infections. In particular, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), immunosuppressive myeloid-lineage cells that expand in response to traumatic injury, have been highlighted as a potential therapeutic target to restore systemic immune homeostasis and ultimately improve functional bone regeneration.

Versatile strategy for homogeneous drying patterns of dispersed particles.

After spilling coffee, a tell-tale stain is left by the drying droplet. This universal phenomenon, known as the coffee ring effect, is observed independent of the dispersed material. However, for many technological processes such as coating techniques and ink-jet printing a uniform particle deposition is required and the coffee ring effect is a major drawback.

Neutrophil and natural killer cell imbalances prevent muscle stem cell-mediated regeneration following murine volumetric muscle loss.

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) overwhelms the innate regenerative capacity of mammalian skeletal muscle (SkM), leading to numerous disabilities and reduced quality of life. Immune cells are critical responders to muscle injury and guide tissue resident stem cell– and progenitor-mediated myogenic repair. However, how immune cell infiltration and intercellular communication networks with muscle stem cells are altered following VML and drive pathological outcomes remains underexplored.

Transglutaminase 6 Is Colocalized and Interacts with Mutant Huntingtin in Huntington Disease Rodent Animal Models.

Mammalian transglutaminases (TGs) catalyze calcium-dependent irreversible posttranslational modifications of proteins and their enzymatic activities contribute to the pathogenesis of several human neurodegenerative diseases. Although different transglutaminases are found in many different tissues, the TG6 isoform is mostly expressed in the CNS. The present study was embarked on/undertaken to investigate expression, distribution and activity of transglutaminases in Huntington disease transgenic rodent models, with a focus on analyzing the involvement of TG6 in the age- and genotype-specific pathological features relating to disease progression in HD transgenic mice and a tgHD transgenic rat model using biochemical, histological and functional assays.

Interface-induced hysteretic volume phase transition of microgels: simulation and experiment.

Thermo-responsive microgel particles can exhibit a drastic volume shrinkage upon increasing the solvent temperature. Recently we found that the spreading of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAm) microgels at a liquid interface under the influence of surface tension hinders the temperature-induced volume phase transition. In addition, we observed a hysteresis behavior upon temperature cycling, i.