Psychological and functional outcomes of horizontal squint surgery in adults with no preoperative diplopia using Quality-of-Life AS-20 questionnaire.

Background: Corrective squint surgery has a significant psychological impact, affecting both the quality of life and mental health of patients. This study highlights the quantitative and subjective assessment of both the psychological and functional outcomes of squint surgery in adults having horizontal strabismus with no preoperative diplopia using a Quality-Of-Life Adult Strabismus 20 (QOL AS-20) questionnaire.

Method: The study is a retrospective cohort study on patients with uncomplicated, horizontal squint; with no vertical deviation and was conducted as part of a departmental clinical audit.

Qualitative Exploration of the Visual Function Impairments and Health-Related Quality of Life Impacts of Amblyopia in Adult and Pediatric Populations.

Introduction: Amblyopia is a reduction in vision in one or both eyes due to impaired development of the visual pathway. This study explored the experience of amblyopia and treatment from the patient, caregiver, and clinician perspectives.

Methods: A targeted literature review, including a review of social media listening (SML) studies, was conducted.

Italian Validation of the Online Student Engagement Scale (OSE) in Higher Education.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, entire university courses were moved online. This represented a challenge for universities, who were required to move toward an entirely online learning environment without adequate time to manage the change from traditional courses to online courses. However, beyond the emergency of the pandemic, higher education does increasingly incorporate an online learning element, and such a provision does appear to reflect both the desires of modern-day students and university offerings.

The Amblyopia Quality of Life (AmbQoL): Development and Content Validation of a Novel Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument for Use in Adult and Pediatric Amblyopia Populations.

Introduction: Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental vision disorder, characterized by poor vision in one or both eyes. Given the lack of existing clinical outcome assessments (COA) considered fit-for-purpose for amblyopia clinical trials, this study developed new COAs to assess amblyopia symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) impacts in adult and pediatric amblyopia populations that conform with best practice standards and regulatory guidelines.

Methods: Findings from a targeted qualitative literature review informed the development of three versions of the new Amblyopia Quality of Life Questionnaire (AmbQoL): a patient-reported outcome measure (PRO) for individuals aged 13 years and older, a PRO for children aged 9-12 years, and an observer-reported outcome measure (ObsRO) for caregivers of children aged 4-8 years.

Personality traits and stress perception as predictors of students' online engagement during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic coupled with increasing student numbers means online learning will remain a prevalent feature of the university experience, therefore it is vital that we understand how personality can influence student online engagement. The current study examined whether students' personality traits and stress perception predicted their online engagement with their studies during the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample of 301 first year psychology students completed the Big Five Inventory, Challenge and Hindrance Stress Scales, and the Online Student Engagement Scale, which measured students': engagement skills, emotional engagement, participation and performance.

Anterior approach ptosis surgery: comparison of absorbable polyglactin sutures and non-absorbable polyester sutures. Does Vicryl stand the test of time?

Purpose: To determine whether the long-term success of ptosis surgery is influenced by the use of absorbable or non-absorbable sutures to advance the levator aponeurosis onto the tarsal plate.

Methods: Multi-centre retrospective comparative study of re-operation rates in primary anterior approach ptosis surgery using absorbable polyglactin sutures (Vicryl) and non-absorbable polyester sutures (Ethibond). The Medisoft audit tool was used to identify all patients who underwent primary ptosis surgery for aponeurotic ptosis, performed by five oculoplastic consultants within a 7-year period, across two NHS Ophthalmology departments.

Patient reported psychosocial functioning following successful ptosis surgery.

Background: Ptosis may result in increased anxiety, appearance-related distress and social avoidance, and impacts visual function. Previous work demonstrates the benefits of ptosis surgery for health-related quality of life, but there is a paucity of research comparing such outcomes before and after surgery. The aim of this study was to determine potential patient benefits in health-related quality of life, social dysfunction and anxiety following successful ptosis surgery using validated measures.

Nursing spiritual assessment instruments in adult patients: a narrative literature review.

Background And Aim Of The Work: Spiritual care in nursing is a critical part of providing holistic care. Whilst patients might desire spiritual care and value the opportunities that nurses take to engage with them to meet their spiritual needs, research suggests that nurses do not consistently engage in spiritual care with their patients. To identify instruments available to nurses to assess spirituality in different patient groups and highlight the characteristics and psychometric properties of these instruments.

Spiritual care in nursing: an overview of the measures used to assess spiritual care provision and related factors amongst nurses.

Background And Aim Of The Work: Spiritual wellbeing has important implications for an individual's health and wellbeing. Whilst the provision of spiritual care and assessment of spiritual needs is a vital part of the nurse's role, literature suggests that nurses do not always engage in spiritual care with their patients or assess their spiritual needs. This review aims to ascertain wider reasons for this inconsistent spiritual care delivery by nurses to their patients.

Factors associated with and impact of burnout in nursing and residential home care workers for the elderly.

Background And Aim Of The Work: Numbers of elderly people worldwide continue to grow. Increasingly these individuals require nursing and residential care to meet their needs. Nursing is an occupation associated with burnout amongst its workforce, associated with increases of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and decreases in personal accomplishment.

Periocular manifestations of trigeminal trophic syndrome: A case series and literature review.

Trigeminal trophic syndrome (TTS) is a condition whereby persistent facial ulceration presents consequent to central or peripheral insult to the trigeminal nerve. Lesions are created by repetitive self-inflicted manipulation and trauma of dysaesthetic skin within the trigeminal dermatome. We discuss four cases with aetiologies varied from presumed microvascular compromise to resection of cerebral meningioma, cerebrovascular accident, and herpes zoster ophthalmicus.

Incidence, risk factors and management of intractable diplopia.

Aims: There is a paucity of literature concerning intractable diplopia. The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of intractable diplopia in the UK, identify the causes and any associated risk factors, establish how cases are managed and if the treatment is successful and tolerated.

Methods: A 1-year prospective observational study was undertaken via the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit (BOSU).

Pre-operative experiences and post-operative benefits of ptosis surgery: A qualitative study.

This qualitative study sought to explore the experiences of patients who had undergone successful ptosis correction surgery. Participants were recruited from Bristol Eye Hospital. Nine participants were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule and open ended questions.

Management of strabismus in thyroid eye disease.

Thyroid eye disease is an auto-immune condition characterised by an acute inflammatory phase followed by a fibrotic phase, which sometimes leads to restricted eye movements and diplopia. Medical treatment with systemic steroids with or without orbital radiotherapy and immunosuppression can control the inflammatory response. Strabismus surgery should be carried out only after the inflammation is no longer active and after any decompression surgery.

Clinical problems in strabismus: the Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute symposium.

The Smith Kettlewell Eye Research Institute (SKERI), celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2014, hosted a symposium to identify the most pressing clinical problems in strabismus and binocular vision. Forty-five experts from around the world shared their perspectives at the San Francisco meeting, held November 6-9, 2012. Prior to the meeting, the organizers (TR, APW, RH, JB, AJ) asked attendees to identify the most pressing clinical problems in strabismus and to discuss them in a workshop-based format.

Why can't my child see 3D television?

A child encountering difficulty in watching three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic displays could have an underlying ocular disorder. It is therefore valuable to understand the differential diagnoses and so conduct an appropriate clinical assessment to address concerns about poor 3D vision.

The psychosocial impact of ptosis as a symptom of Myasthenia Gravis: a qualitative study.

The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the psychosocial impact of ptosis as a symptom of Myasthenia Gravis (MG). Participants were recruited from a MG patient group on Facebook. 166 participants answered a series of open ended questions examining the impact of ptosis, and responses were analysed using Inductive Thematic Analysis, which revealed four main themes.

The psychological well-being and appearance concerns of patients presenting with ptosis.

Purpose: Ptosis affects both the function and appearance of the eyes and face, because of drooping of the eyelids. Previous research has focused on functional impairment; however, similar appearance altering eye conditions have been demonstrated to have major impacts on psychosocial functioning.

Methods: This study examines the psychological well-being and appearance concerns of patients presenting with ptosis recruited from Bristol Eye Hospital using validated questionnaires focusing on demographics and psychosocial factors before surgery.

2-0 Prolene brow suspension for paediatric ptosis: a retrospective case series of 37 eyes.

Aim: To assess the efficacy of 2-0 prolene brow suspension surgery in paediatric ptosis with poor levator function.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of cases that underwent 2-0 Prolene brow suspension surgery between 1997-2007. Primary surgical success was defined as post-operative lid height clear of the pupil and asymmetry of 2 mm or less.

Idiopathic isolated orbicularis weakness.

Purpose: Orbicularis weakness is commonly associated with seventh nerve palsy or neuromuscular and myopathic conditions such as myotonic dystrophy and myasethenia gravis. We report four cases of idiopathic isolated orbicularis weakness.

Methods: All four cases were female and the presenting symptoms of ocular irritation and epiphora had been present for over 7 years in three patients.

Appearance concerns in ophthalmic patients.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the psychosocial and appearance-related concerns of a sample of ophthalmic patients by measuring a range of psychological, social, and demographic factors.

Methods: Standardized psychological measures including anxiety, depression, appearance-related distress, self-discrepancy, appearance salience and valence were administered to 98 participants attending ophthalmic outpatient clinics in either London, Bristol, Sheffield or Bradford. Differences between groups were explored using t-tests and ANOVA, relationships between all variables were investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.

The use of imiquimod in the treatment of periocular tumours.

Purpose: To review our experience with 5% topical Imiquimod in the treatment of periocular tumours.

Methods: Imiquimod, an imidazoquinoline, is an immune response modifier which has been shown to have potent anti-viral and anti-tumour activity. We present a retrospective case series of 5 patients who received topical Imiquimod for various eyelid tumours.