Nepal Family Cohort study: a study protocol.

Introduction: The Nepal Family Cohort study uses a life course epidemiological approach to collect comprehensive data on children's and their parents' environmental, behavioural and metabolic risk factors. These factors can affect the overall development of children to adulthood and the onset of specific diseases. Among the many risk factors, exposure to air pollution and lifestyle factors during childhood may impact lung development and function, leading to the early onset of respiratory diseases.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Internet of Things: A Scoping Review.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder impacting women's health and quality of life. This scoping review explores the use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in PCOS management. Results were grouped into six domains of the IoT: mobile apps, social media, wearables, machine learning, websites, and phone-based.

The "Road" to Malignant Transformation from Endometriosis to Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Cancers (EAOCs): An mTOR-Centred Review.

Ovarian cancer is an umbrella term covering a number of distinct subtypes. Endometrioid and clear-cell ovarian carcinoma are endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers (EAOCs) frequently arising from ectopic endometrium in the ovary. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a crucial regulator of cellular homeostasis and is dysregulated in both endometriosis and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer, potentially favouring carcinogenesis across a spectrum from benign disease with cancer-like characteristics, through an atypical phase, to frank malignancy.

Maternal obesity and metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease in pregnancy: a comprehensive narrative review.

Introduction: Obesity and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) during pregnancy constitute significant problems for routine antenatal care, with increasing prevalence globally. Similar to obesity, MAFLD is associated with a higher risk for maternal complications (e.g.

Non-invasive Scores and Serum Biomarkers for Fatty Liver in the Era of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Comprehensive Review From NAFLD to MAFLD and MASLD.

Purpose Of Review: The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide, making it the leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing individuals with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. However, its invasiveness, sampling variability, and impracticality for large-scale screening has driven the search for non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and staging.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems.

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) circulating levels and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent condition where diabetes is diagnosed during pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal outcomes. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a circulating adipokine which belongs to the lipocalin family and acts as a specific carrier protein that delivers retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to the peripheral tissues. Growing data indicate that circulating RBP4 levels may positively correlate with GDM.

Anti-osteoporotic treatments in the era of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: friend or foe.

Over the last years non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown into the most common chronic liver disease globally, affecting 17-38% of the general population and 50-75% of patients with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, ranging from simple steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver, NAFL) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, MASH) to fibrosis and cirrhosis with liver failure or/and hepatocellular carcinoma. Due to its increasing prevalence and associated morbidity and mortality, the disease-related and broader socioeconomic burden of NAFLD is substantial.

The lived experience of food insecurity among adults with obesity: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review.

Background: Food insecurity and obesity are increasing both globally and in the UK. In this review we systematically assess the lived experiences of people with obesity who are food insecure and often turn to food banks.

Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases from January 2007 until October 2022.

In Silico and In Vitro Mapping of Receptor-Type Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type D in Health and Disease: Implications for Asprosin Signalling in Endometrial Cancer and Neuroblastoma.

Background: Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type D (PTPRD) is involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and oncogenic transformation, as well as in brain development. PTPRD also mediates the effects of asprosin, which is a glucogenic hormone/adipokine derived following the cleavage of the C-terminal of fibrillin 1. Since the asprosin circulating levels are elevated in certain cancers, research is now focused on the potential role of this adipokine and its receptors in cancer.

Diabetes specialist intervention in general practices in areas of deprivation and ethnic diversity: A qualitative evaluation (QUAL-ECLIPSE).

Aim: To assess patients' and healthcare professionals' perspectives of a specialist-led Diabetes Risk-based Assessment Clinic (DIRAC) for people with diabetes at high risk of complications (PWDHRC) in areas of deprivation in Coventry, UK.

Methods: A qualitative evaluation of a pilot trial, comprising a specialist team intervention (DIRAC), was undertaken in seven GP practices through observations of weekly virtual or occasional face-to-face patient consultations and monthly interventionists' meetings. Semi-structured interviews were carried out post-intervention, with PWDHRC, primary care clinicians and diabetes specialists (interventionists).

Leflutrozole in male obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: Ph 2b double-blind randomised controlled trial.

Objective: Assessment of the efficacy and safety/tolerability of the aromatase inhibitor leflutrozole to normalise testosterone in Obesity-associated Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism (OHH).

Design: Placebo-controlled, double-blind, RCT, in 70 sites in Europe/USA.

Methods: Patient inclusion criteria: men with BMI of 30-50 kg/m2, morning total testosterone (TT) < 10.

Transcriptional Landscape of 3D vs. 2D Ovarian Cancer Cell Models.

Three-dimensional (3D) cancer models are revolutionising research, allowing for the recapitulation of an in vivo-like response through the use of an in vitro system, which is more complex and physiologically relevant than traditional monolayer cultures. Cancers such as ovarian (OvCa) are prone to developing resistance, are often lethal, and stand to benefit greatly from the enhanced modelling emulated by 3D cultures. However, the current models often fall short of the predicted response, where reproducibility is limited owing to the lack of standardised methodology and established protocols.

Atherosclerotic and Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: From Molecular Basis to Therapeutic Advances.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) still remain the major cause of death worldwide; however, CVD-related mortality has been reduced due to lifestyle modification interventions, as well as novel pharmacological therapies and advances in cardiovascular surgery [...

Implementation of a Digital Health Tool for Patients Awaiting Input From a Specialist Weight Management Team: Observational Study.

Background: Digital tools are increasingly used on a population level as a weight loss strategy for people living with overweight and obesity. Evidence supports the feasibility of digital tools for the management of obesity in a community setting, but there is only emerging evidence for the feasibility of such tools in specialist weight management services. No study has assessed the uptake of digital tools among patients awaiting their first appointment with a specialist weight management service.

The Fatty Liver, Cirrhosis, and Liver Cancer Study (TENDENCY): Protocol for a Multicenter Case-Control Study.

Background: Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is associated with high mortality, and early diagnosis leads to better survival. Patients with cirrhosis, especially due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and viral hepatitis, are at higher risk of developing HCC and form the main screening group. The current screening methods for HCC (6-monthly screening with serum alpha fetoprotein and ultrasound liver) have low sensitivity; hence, there is a need for better screening markers for HCC.

Evaluation of cardiovascular risk factors in long-term survivors of adult- and childhood-onset brain tumours: a pilot study.

Background: Survivors of childhood brain tumours (SCBT) and teenage and young adult cancer survivors have an adverse cardiovascular risk profile, which translates into an increased vascular mortality. Data on cardiovascular risk profiles in SCBT are limited, and furthermore, there are no data in adult-onset (AO) brain tumours.

Patients And: methods: Fasting lipids, glucose, insulin, 24-h blood pressure (BP), and body composition were measured in 36 brain tumour survivors (20 AO; 16 childhood-onset (CO)) and 36 age- and gender-matched controls.

Designer GLP1 poly-agonist peptides in the management of diabesity.

Introduction: To date, the 21 Century has witnessed key developments in the management of diabesity (a conflation of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [T2D]), including Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonist therapies, and recently the 'designer' GLP1 Poly-agonist Peptides (GLP1PPs).

Areas Covered: A PubMed search of published data on the GLP1PP class of therapies was conducted. The gut-brain axis forms complex multi-directional interlinks that include autonomic nervous signaling, components of the gut microbiota (including metabolic by-products and gram-negative cell wall components [e.

Assessment of the Effectiveness, Socio-Economic Impact and Implementation of a Digital Solution for Patients with Advanced Chronic Diseases: The ADLIFE Study Protocol.

Due to population ageing and medical advances, people with advanced chronic diseases (ACD) live longer. Such patients are even more likely to face either temporary or permanent reduced functional reserve, which typically further increases their healthcare resource use and the burden of care on their caregiver(s). Accordingly, these patients and their caregiver(s) may benefit from integrated supportive care provided via digitally supported interventions.

Remote maintenance cardiac rehabilitation (MAINTAIN): A protocol for a randomised feasibility study.

Background: Long-term adherence to exercise is often poor for people with coronary heart disease (CHD) who have completed supervised, centre-based cardiac rehabilitation. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of a remotely prescribed, delivered and monitored cardiac rehabilitation intervention using a wearable device to support long-term adherence to exercise and physical activity during maintenance of cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods: After completing cardiac rehabilitation, 30 participants with CHD, will be randomised (1:1) to an intervention ( = 15) or a usual care group ( = 15) in a 12-month feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Cardiac Arrhythmias (OSCA) trial: a nested cohort study using injectable loop recorders and Holter monitoring in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality despite continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) therapy. This excess risk may be related to increased arrhythmia risk, especially atrial fibrillation (AF). The true incidence of arrhythmia in patients with OSA is unknown.

Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Identifying Constructs for Increasing Physical Activity Behaviours in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the commonest endocrinopathy in reproductive-aged women. Because increased adiposity is pivotal in the severity of PCOS-related symptoms, treatment usually incorporates increasing energy expenditure through physical activity (PA). This study aimed to understand the reasons why women with PCOS engage in PA/exercise, which could support the development of targeted behavioural interventions in this at-risk population.

Elevated Circulating Lactate Levels and Widespread Expression of Its Cognate Receptor, Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1 (HCAR1), in Ovarian Cancer.

Background: Augmented glycolysis in cancer cells is a process required for growth and development. The Warburg effect provides evidence of increased glycolysis and lactic acid fermentation in cancer cells. The lactate end-product of glycolysis is receiving growing traction for its role as a cell signalling molecule.

Asprosin Exerts Pro-Inflammatory Effects in THP-1 Macrophages Mediated via the Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) Pathway.

Adipose tissue is a dynamic endocrine organ, secreting a plethora of adipokines which play a key role in regulating metabolic homeostasis and other physiological processes. An altered adipokine secretion profile from adipose tissue depots has been associated with obesity and related cardio-metabolic diseases. Asprosin is a recently described adipokine that is released in response to fasting and can elicit orexigenic and glucogenic effects.