Megameatus intact prepuce: a systematic review of surgical techniques and long-term outcomes.

Megameatus intact prepuce (MIP) presents with diverse phenotypes that complicate the management of this rare but complex hypospadias variant. Current data on optimal treatment methods and patient outcomes are sparse, unintegrated, and therefore challenging to implement clinically. A comprehensive systematic review of the existing literature on MIP was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.

Periodontal and Caries Status in Relation to Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior of Medical and Dental Students in Taxila, Pakistan.

Background The importance of oral health in general well-being is widely acknowledged. It is expected that students belonging to dental and medical fields maintain a strong awareness of oral health and participate in public oral health awareness and initiatives, particularly in low-income nations such as Pakistan. Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the relation of periodontal status and dental caries status of medical and dental students in Taxila, Pakistan, with their oral health knowledge, attitude, and behavior.

Local wound care management for pyoderma gangrenosum.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, painful neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by rapidly progressing skin ulcers. Despite the importance of local wound care in managing PG, there is no consensus or evidence-based guidelines. This systematic review aimed to investigate local wound care strategies for PG.

Prevalence of Oral Mucosal Variations in Healthy Elderly Individuals of Taxila City, Pakistan.

Background and objectives Oral mucosal variations, though significant in the aging population, remain under-researched regarding their prevalence and characteristics in local Pakistani population. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of normal oral mucosal variations in the elderly population, providing insights to aid clinicians and researchers. Methodology This cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted over four months, from December 2023 to March 2024, in the Department of Oral Medicine at HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS) Dental College, Taxila, Pakistan.

Haemato-radiology: the role of the radiologist at MDT.

Haemato-radiology represents a relatively newly emerging, vast, and complex area of diagnostic imaging. Its complexity arises from the multimodality nature of patient assessment, the multisystem presentation of haematological malignancies and their complications, and the volume of imaging required for diagnosis and follow-up of the fifth most common malignancy type in the United Kingdom. Decisive and accurate assessment of disease by radiologists is at the heart of the haemato-oncology multidisciplinary team (MDT) and therefore essential for providing optimal patient care.

Unlocking the Potential: immune functions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells.

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) have long been regarded as progenitors of oligodendrocytes, yet recent advances have illuminated their multifaceted nature including their emerging immune functions. This review seeks to shed light on the immune functions exhibited by OPCs, spanning from phagocytosis to immune modulation and direct engagement with immune cells across various pathological scenarios. Comprehensive understanding of the immune functions of OPCs alongside their other roles will pave the way for targeted therapies in neurological disorders.

Long-term clinical outcomes of intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in complex coronary lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In this study, we aim to discuss the long-term clinical outcomes of intravascular ultrasound imaging-guided percutaneous intervention (IVUS-PCI) versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in complex coronary lesions over a mean period of 2 years. A systematic search and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the efficacy of using intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography guidance in coronary artery stenting compared to angiography. A total of 11 randomized controlled trials with 6740 patients were included.

Safety of fasting in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with stable chronic kidney disease during Ramadan.

Objective: To assess the safety of fasting in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with stable CKD during Ramadan.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at three secondary and tertiary care hospitals of Karachi during the month of Ramadan from 25 March to 7 May 2022. Patients who met the eligibility criteria were assessed pre-Ramadan, and their baseline blood pressure, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes, uric acid, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were documented and tracked over the course of Ramadan and up to one week post-Ramadan.

Relapsed IgA Multiple Myeloma as Testicular Plasmacytoma after Quadrable Novel Therapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal neoplasm of plasma cells that may manifest as an extramedullary disease in rare cases.

Case Report: In this case report, we present the rare occurrence of testicular relapse in a 39-year-old patient with IgA MM after 3 years of remission. We discuss the clinical course and management of this unusual presentation and provide a comprehensive literature review of testicular involvement by MM.

The Role of Multiparametric MRI and MRI-targeted Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer: An Analysis from the FORECAST Trial.

Background: The role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate MRI and MRI-targeted biopsies for detecting intraprostatic cancer recurrence and planning for salvage focal ablation.

Design, Setting, And Participants: FOcal RECurrent Assessment and Salvage Treatment (FORECAST; NCT01883128) was a prospective cohort diagnostic study that recruited 181 patients with suspected radiorecurrence at six UK centres (2014 to 2018); 144 were included here.

Imaging Tools for Noninvasive Hair Assessment.

Trichology tools historically have been limited in their ability to provide noninvasive detailed assessments of the hair and scalp. Recent advances in diagnostic and treatment monitoring technologies have begun to fill this gap. Global photography previously relied on a film camera and stereotactic imaging equipment but has been simplified by the advent of cameras that use software analysis and provide adjustable outlines to match facial features for the capture of standardized views.

Role Of Cd8+ Tumour-Infiltrating Lymphocytes In Predicting Regional Lymph Node Metastasis In Lip And Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Lip and oral squamous cell carcinoma maintains a significant disease burden in Pakistan. The latest research on cancer focuses more on the role of body's immune response in tumour progression and spread rather than on the nature of neoplastic cells. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes constitute a major part of the tumour microenvironment and infiltration of tumour stroma by cytotoxic T-cells are known to limit the tumour progression in various malignancies, such as colorectal and stomach cancers.

Immunohistochemical Expression Of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (Her-2) In Common Salivary Gland Carcinomas.

Background: Carcinomas of the salivary gland are known to be aggressive in nature, making them difficult to manage. The therapeutic options offered include excision of the gland (maxillectomy in cases of palatal tumours), with or without lymph node dissection, proceeded with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy has not produced promising outcomes and has a minimal impact as a therapeutic alternative.

External validation of a risk model predicting failure of salvage focal ablation for prostate cancer.

Objectives: To externally validate a published model predicting failure within 2 years after salvage focal ablation in men with localised radiorecurrent prostate cancer using a prospective, UK multicentre dataset.

Patients And Methods: Patients with biopsy-confirmed ≤T3bN0M0 cancer after previous external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy were included from the FOcal RECurrent Assessment and Salvage Treatment (FORECAST) trial (NCT01883128; 2014-2018; six centres), and from the high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) Evaluation and Assessment of Treatment (HEAT) and International Cryotherapy Evaluation (ICE) UK-based registries (2006-2022; nine centres). Eligible patients underwent either salvage focal HIFU or cryotherapy, with the choice based predominantly on anatomical factors.

Integration of human papillomavirus associated anal cancer screening into HIV care and treatment program in Pakistan: perceptions of policymakers, managers, and care providers.

Background: The incidence of anal cancer, largely associated with anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM), and transgender women living with or without HIV. Screening for anal cancer to detect anal precancerous lesions in high-risk groups is an important opportunity for prevention but still lacking in many low-and-middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to explore the readiness of Pakistan's healthcare system to integrate anal cancer and HPV screening into a national HIV program, as perceived by policymakers, health managers, and healthcare providers.

MRI fat fraction imaging of nodal and bone metastases in prostate cancer.

• Characterisation and quantification of tissue fat on MRI can be used to provide information on disease processes. • Fat in bone and lymph nodes up until recently have not been exploited for diagnostic purposes or response monitoring in prostate cancer. • Fat imaging on MRI using Dixon/PDFF sequences has the potential to add clinical value in the future but prospective data is needed.

Infectious Complications and Preventative Strategies following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells (CAR-T cells) Therapy for B-Cell Malignancies.

Several chimeric antigen receptor T-cell constructs (CAR-T cells) are currently approved for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Additionally, multiple other products are being investigated and developed for other hematological malignancies and solid cancers. Patients receiving CAR-T cells are at increased risk of infectious complications that lead to increased morbidity and inferior mortality in these patients.