Interaction of hydration, aging, and carbon content of soil on the evaporation and skin bioavailability of munition contaminants.

Water plays a key role in enhancing the permeability of human skin to many substances. To further understand its ability to potentially increase the bioavailability of soil contaminants, artificial sweat was applied to excised pig skin prior to dosing with munition-contaminated soils. Skin was mounted in chambers to allow simultaneous measurement of evaporation and penetration and to control air flow, which changed the dwell time of skin surface water within a l-h period post application of test materials.

Percutaneous absorption of explosives and related compounds: an empirical model of bioavailability of organic nitro compounds from soil.

The percutaneous absorption potentials of (14)C-labeled 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), trinitrobenzene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene, N-methyl-N,2,4,6-tetranitrobenzamine, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, and 2,2-thiobis(ethanol) were determined from two soil types, Yolo having 1.9% carbon and Tinker having 9.5% carbon.