Tibial Baseplate Microstructure Governs High Cycle Fatigue Fracture In Vivo.

Previous studies report rare occurrences of tibial baseplate fractures following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, at a microstructural scale, it remains unclear how fatigue models developed in vitro apply to fractures in vivo. In this study, we asked: (1) do any clinical factors differentiate fracture patients from a broader revision sample; and (2) in vivo, how does microstructure influence fatigue crack propagation? We identified three fractured tibial baseplates from an institutional review board exempt implant retrieval program.

Does Cruciate Ligament Substitution and Implant Asymmetry Make a Difference for Total Knee Arthroplasty Kinematics? A Multi-Implant Evaluation.

Background: The non-implanted knee differs in comparison to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs, with regard to asymmetry and functionality of the anterior cruciate ligament and the posterior cruciate ligament. While surgeons may choose to implant either posterior stabilized (PS) or bi-cruciate stabilized (BCS) TKAs, substituting for one or both cruciate ligaments, the effects of symmetry versus asymmetry in substituting TKA designs have not been widely analyzed to determine possible benefits. Therefore, the objective of this research study was to determine if either TKA asymmetry and/or anterior ligament stabilization can lead to more normal-like kinematics and clinical benefit for patients.

Angle Accuracy of Intramedullary Bone Resection Guides for Total Knee Arthroplasty.

The importance of proper prosthetic placement has been confirmed in numerous studies. The objective of this study was to compare the planned resection angles to the verified intraoperative angles of femoral and tibial varus/valgus, tibial slope, and femoral flexion for each total knee performed using intramedullary (IM) cut guides for both distal femur and proximal tibia cuts. A total of 1,000 total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) were evaluated for this study.

Altered biomechanics in bilateral total knee replacement patients during stair negotiation.

Background: Many total knee replacement (TKR) patients need to have a contralateral knee replacement. Biomechanical differences between first and second replaced limbs of bilateral TKR have not been examined during stair negotiation. Additionally, it is unknown whether hip and ankle biomechanics of bilateral patients are altered.

Overground Walking Biomechanics of Dissatisfied Persons With Total Knee Replacements.

Patient dissatisfaction following total knee replacement (TKR) procedures is likely influenced by both subjective and objective aspects. Increased pain and reduced performance on clinical tests have been shown in persons who are dissatisfied with the outcome of their surgery. However, it is unknown how overground walking kinematics and kinetics might differ in the dissatisfied versus satisfied patients following TKR surgery.

Knee biomechanics of patients with total knee replacement during downhill walking on different slopes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare knee biomechanics of the replaced limb to the non-replaced limb of total knee replacement (TKR) patients and healthy controls during walking on level ground and on decline surfaces of 5°, 10°, and 15°.

Methods: Twenty-five TKR patients and 10 healthy controls performed 5 walking trials on different decline slopes on a force platform and an instrumented ramp system. Two analyses of variance, 2 × 2 (limb × group) and 2 × 4 (limb × decline slope), were used to examine selected biomechanics variables.

Increased knee loading in stair ambulation in patients dissatisfied with their total knee replacement.

Background: Total knee replacement patients have shown reductions in knee flexion range of motion, knee extensor moments, and gait speed during stair ascent and stair descent. However, it is unknown how patients dissatisfied with their total knee replacement differ from those who are satisfied during more difficult activities such as stair negotiation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare knee biomechanics of patients who are dissatisfied with their joint replacement to those who are satisfied and healthy participants during stair negotiation.

Midterm Performance of a Guided-Motion Bicruciate-Stabilized Total Knee System: Results From the International Study of Over 2000 Consecutive Primary Total Knee Arthroplasties.

Background: The JOURNEY II Bi-Cruciate Stabilizing Total Knee System (BLINDED) is a second-generation guided-motion knee implant that has been used in over 100,000 primary total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) worldwide. However, performance information is limited.

Methods: Data for 2059 primary TKAs were abstracted at 7 US and 3 European sites.

Is knee biomechanics different in uphill walking on different slopes for older adults with total knee replacement?

The purpose of this study was to investigate knee biomechanics in uphill walking on slopes of 5°, 10° and 15° for total knee replacement (TKR) patients. Twenty-five post-TKR patients and ten healthy controls performed five walking trials on level ground and different slopes on an instrumented ramp system. A 2 × 2 × 4 (limb × group × incline slope) mixed model ANOVA was used to examine selected variables.

What Is the Incidence of Cobalt-Chromium Damage Modes on the Bearing Surface of Contemporary Femoral Component Designs for Total Knee Arthroplasty?

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of metal release in contemporary total knee arthroplasty and the patient-related factors associated with this release.

Methods: In total, 256 retrieved cobalt-chromium femoral components were collected through a multi-institutional orthopedic implant retrieval program (implanted: 1-15 years). Implants were mainly revised for loosening (84/256), instability (62/256), and infection (46/256).

In Vivo Kinematic Comparison of a Bicruciate Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty and the Normal Knee Using Fluoroscopy.

Background: The bicruciate stabilized (BCS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) features asymmetrical bearing geometry and dual substitution for the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Previous TKA designs have not fully replicated normal knee motion, and they are characterized by lower magnitudes of overall rollback and axial rotation than the normal knee.

Methods: In vivo kinematics were derived for 10 normal knees and 40-second generation BCS TKAs all implanted by a single surgeon.

Effects of toe-in and toe-in with wider step width on level walking knee biomechanics in varus, valgus, and neutral knee alignments.

Background: Increased peak external knee adduction moments exist for individuals with knee osteoarthritis and varus knee alignments, compared to healthy and neutrally aligned counterparts. Walking with increased toe-in or increased step width have been individually utilized to successfully reduce 1st and 2nd peak knee adduction moments, respectfully, but have not previously been combined or tested among all alignment groups. The purpose of this study was to compare toe-in only and toe-in with wider step width gait modifications in individuals with neutral, valgus, and varus alignments.

Fretting and Corrosion Damage in Taper Adapter Sleeves for Ceramic Heads: A Retrieval Study.

Background: During revision surgery with a well-fixed stem, a titanium sleeve can be used in conjunction with a ceramic head to achieve better stress distribution across the taper surface. In vitro testing suggests that corrosion is not a concern in sleeved ceramic heads; however, little is known about the in vivo fretting corrosion of the sleeves. The purpose of this study was to investigate fretting corrosion in sleeved ceramic heads in retrieved total hip arthroplasties.

Do Stem Taper Microgrooves Influence Taper Corrosion in Total Hip Arthroplasty? A Matched Cohort Retrieval Study.

Background: Previous studies identified imprinting of the stem morphology onto the interior head bore, leading researchers to hypothesize an influence of taper topography on mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether microgrooved stem tapers result in greater fretting corrosion damage than smooth stem tapers.

Methods: A matched cohort of 120 retrieved head-stem pairs from metal-on-polyethylene bearings was created controlling for implantation time, flexural rigidity, apparent length of engagement, and head size.

Knee Joint Loads and Surrounding Muscle Forces during Stair Ascent in Patients with Total Knee Replacement.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is commonly used to correct end-stage knee osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, difficulty with stair climbing often persists and prolongs the challenges of TKR patents. Complete understanding of loading at the knee is of great interest in order to aid patient populations, implant manufacturers, rehabilitation, and future healthcare research.

Single Versus Multiple-Radii Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: An In Vivo Mobile Fluoroscopy Study.

Background: Previous fluoroscopic studies, using static C-arm systems, have shown nonnormal kinematic patterns in cruciate-retaining (CR) total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study compares in vivo the kinematic differences in subjects implanted with single sagittal radius (SR) vs multiradii (MR) CR TKA for various activities using a novel mobile fluoroscopic system.

Methods: Using mobile fluoroscopy and 3D to 2D registration, tibiofemoral kinematics were analyzed for 25 subjects with an SR, symmetrical condylar CR TKA and 25 subjects with an MR, asymmetric condylar CR TKA for three dynamic weight-bearing activities: (1) deep knee bend (DKB), (2) walking up a ramp, and (3) walking down a ramp.

Influence of Total Knee Arthroplasty on Gait Mechanics of the Replaced and Non-Replaced Limb During Stair Negotiation.

This study compared biomechanics during stair ascent in replaced and non-replaced limbs of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients with control limbs of healthy participants. Thirteen TKA patients and fifteen controls performed stair ascent. Replaced and non-replaced knees of TKA patients were less flexed at contact compared to controls.

Is there material loss at the backside taper in modular CoCr acetabular liners?

Background: Metal wear and corrosion products generated by hip replacements have been linked to adverse local tissue reactions. Recent investigations of the stem/head taper junction have identified this modular interface as another possible source of metal debris; however, little is known regarding other modular metallic interfaces, their ability to produce metal debris, and possibly to provide insight in the mechanisms that produce metal debris.

Questions/purposes: We asked three questions: (1) can we develop a reliable method to estimate volumetric material loss from the backside taper of modular metal-on-metal liners, (2) do backside tapers of modular metal-on-metal liners show a quantifiable volumetric material loss, and, if so, (3) how do regions of quantitatively identified material loss correspond to visual and microscopic investigations of surface damage?

Methods: Twenty-one cobalt-chromium (CoCr) liners of one design and manufacturer were collected through an institutional review board-approved retrieval program.

Mechanically assisted taper corrosion in modular TKA.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence of taper damage in modular TKA components. One hundred ninety-eight modular components were revised after 3.9±4.

Histological characterization of periprosthetic tissue responses for metal-on-metal hip replacement.

The histology of periprosthetic tissue from metal-on-metal (MOM) hip devices has been characterized using a variety of methods. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the suitability of two previously developed aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesions (ALVAL) scoring systems for periprosthetic hip tissue responses retrieved from MOM total hip replacement (THR) systems revised for loosening. Two ALVAL scoring systems (Campbell and Oxford) were used to perform histological analyses of soft tissues from 17 failed MOM THRs.

Stair ambulation biomechanics following total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review.

The purpose of this review was to summarize the biomechanical adaptations during stair ambulation that occur after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Articles were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science. During stair ascent, knee flexion angle at heel strike and walking velocity were reduced in TKA subjects compared to controls.

A non-invasive acoustic and vibration analysis technique for evaluation of hip joint conditions.

The performance evaluation of THA outcome is difficult and surgeons often use invasive methods to investigate effectiveness. A non-invasive acoustic and vibration analysis technique has recently been developed for more-in-depth evaluation of in vivo hip conditions. Gait kinematics, corresponding vibration and sound measurement of five THA subjects were analyzed post-operatively using video-fluoroscopy, sound and accelerometer measurements while walking on a treadmill.

In vivo patellofemoral forces in high flexion total knee arthroplasty.

This study compares the in vivo patellofemoral contact forces generated in high flexion fixed bearing posterior cruciate retaining Nexgen CR-Flex (PCR) and high flexion posterior stabilized Nexgen LPS-Flex (LPS) TKAs with that of normal knees from full knee extension to maximum weight bearing flexion. Ten patients with the PCR total knee arthroplasty (TKA), ten with the LPS TKA and seven patients having normal knees were fluoroscoped while performing a deep knee bend activity. In vivo femorotibial kinematics, obtained from 3D-to-2D registration technique, and patellar kinematics obtained by direct measurements from the fluoroscopic images were entered into a 3D inverse dynamics mathematical model to determine the in vivo contact forces at the knee.