Trajectories of Immediate and Delayed Verbal Memory in the Spanish General Population of Middle-aged and Older Adults.

(1) Cognitive decline differs among individuals and cognition function domains. We sought to identify distinct groups of immediate and delayed verbal memory in two age subsamples (50-64, 65+ years), and to analyze associated factors. (2) Latent class mixed models were used to identify verbal memory trajectories in a sample of Spanish community-dwelling individuals over 8 years' follow up.

Physical Activity is Associated With Fewer Subjective Cognitive Complaints in 47 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Objectives: To determine the association between physical activity (PA) and subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs), and the influential factors in this association.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: Community-based data of the World Health Survey, which included 248,504 individuals from 47 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), were analyzed [mean age = 38.

Emergence of a Neolithic in highland New Guinea by 5000 to 4000 years ago.

The emergence of agriculture was one of the most notable behavioral transformations in human history, driving innovations in technologies and settlement globally, referred to as the Neolithic. Wetland agriculture originated in the New Guinea highlands during the mid-Holocene (8000 to 4000 years ago), yet it is unclear if there was associated behavioral change. Here, we report the earliest figurative stone carving and formally manufactured pestles in Oceania, dating to 5050 to 4200 years ago.

Secondhand Smoking and Obesity Among Nonsmoking Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years From 38 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Introduction: Secondhand smoking (SHS) may be a risk factor for obesity in adolescence, but data on the association between SHS and obesity are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between SHS and obesity among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 38 LMICs.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 38 LMICs that participated in the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) were analyzed.

Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Sarcopenia among Older Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against sarcopenia but there are no studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed.

Falls in older aged adults in 22 European countries: incidence, mortality and burden of disease from 1990 to 2017.

Introduction: Falls in older aged adults are an important public health problem. Insight into differences in fall-related injury rates between countries can serve as important input for identifying and evaluating prevention strategies. The objectives of this study were to compare Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 estimates on incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to fall-related injury in older adults across 22 countries in the Western European region and to examine changes over a 28-year period.

Secondhand Smoking and Depressive Symptoms Among In-School Adolescents.

Introduction: Smoking has been linked with depressive symptoms in adolescents, but data on secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. Thus, this study analyzes the association between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms among in-school adolescents from 22 low- and middle-income countries.

Methods: Data from the 2003-2008 Global School-Based Student Health Survey were analyzed in June 2019.

The relationship between all-cause mortality and depression in different gender and age groups of the Spanish population.

Background: Literature has shown that the effect of depression on all-cause mortality is stronger in men. However, it is less clear whether depression affects older and younger people equally. The present study is aimed to analyze whether depression is associated to all-cause mortality in different age and gender groups.

Serious physical injury and depressive symptoms among adolescents aged 12-15 years from 21 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Little is known about the relationship between physical injury and depression in youths from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the association between serious physical injury and depressive symptoms among adolescents in 21 LMICs.

Methods: Data from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (2003-2008) were analyzed.

Informal caregiving and physical activity among 204,315 adults in 38 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional study.

Data on the association between informal caregiving and physical activity (PA) levels are scarce, especially from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Furthermore, previous research has yielded conflicting results. Thus, we investigated this association in adults from 38 LMICs.

Informal Caregiving, Chronic Physical Conditions, and Physical Multimorbidity in 48 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Background: The health of the caregivers is crucial to sustain informal care provision, while multimorbidity is an important health risk concept. However, studies on the association between informal caregiving and physical multimorbidity are currently lacking. Therefore, we investigated this association in adults from 48 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Correlation of Health-Related Quality of Life in Clinically Stable Outpatients with Schizophrenia.

Background: Generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scales are increasingly being used to assess the effects of new treatments in schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to better understand the usefulness of generic and condition specific HRQoL scales in schizophrenia by analyzing their correlates.

Methods: Data formed part of the Pattern study, an international observational study among 1379 outpatients with schizophrenia.

Mediators of the socioeconomic status and life satisfaction relationship in older adults: a multi-country structural equation modeling approach.

Objectives: Socioeconomic status (SES) relates to life satisfaction in old age, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Health and subjective social status have shown to be related to both SES and life satisfaction. This study aims to test the mediating role of health and subjective social status in old age, and to analyze if these potential mediations vary among three European countries with different socioeconomic characteristics and welfare regimes.

Healthy ageing and the prediction of mortality and incidence dependence in low- and middle- income countries: a 10/66 population-based cohort study.

Background: In the absence of a consensus on definition and measurement of healthy ageing, we created a healthy ageing index tallying with the functional ability framework provided by the World Health Organization. To create this index, we employed items of functional ability and intrinsic capacity. The current study aims to establish the predictive validity and discrimination properties of this healthy ageing index in settings in Latin American, part of the 10/66 cohort.

Cardiovascular risk factors and memory decline in middle-aged and older adults: the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

Background: We investigated the association between trajectories of verbal episodic memory and burden of cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged and older community-dwellers.

Methods: We analysed data from 4372 participants aged 50-64 and 3005 persons aged 65-79 years old from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who were repeatedly evaluated every 2 years and had six interviews of a 10-year follow-up. We measured the following baseline risk factors: diabetes, hypertension, smoking, physical inactivity and obesity to derive a cardiovascular risk factor score (CVRFs).

Skeletal muscle mass in relation to 10 year cardiovascular disease incidence among middle aged and older adults: the ATTICA study.

Background: Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) is inversely associated with cardiometabolic health and the ageing process. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the relation between SMM and 10 year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence, among CVD-free adults 45+ years old.

Methods: ATTICA is a prospective, population-based study that recruited 3042 adults without pre-existing CVD from the Greek general population (Caucasians; age ≥18 years; 1514 men).

Relationship between sexual orientation and psychotic experiences in the general population in England.

Background: Non-heterosexual individuals are at high risk for a variety of factors associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences (PEs) (e.g. common mental disorders, substance use, and stress).

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017.

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2-to end preventable child deaths by 2030-we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends.

Patient-reported depression severity and cognitive symptoms as determinants of functioning in patients with major depressive disorder: a secondary analysis of the 2-year prospective PERFORM study.

Purpose: To investigate the temporal interrelationship between depression severity, cognitive symptoms, and functioning in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in the PERFORM study (NCT01427439).

Patients And Methods: PERFORM was a 2-year, multicenter, prospective, noninterventional cohort study in outpatients with MDD who were either initiating antidepressant monotherapy or undergoing their first switch of antidepressant. Patients were enrolled by a general practitioner or psychiatrist.

From childhood financial hardship to late-life depression: socioeconomic pathways.

Objective: Childhood financial hardship is associated with depression throughout the life course, including older adulthood. However, it is still unclear the extent to which occupation, education level and household income are mediators of this association. We aimed to examine the association between childhood financial hardship and late-life depression, and potential socioeconomic mediators using community-based data.