A review of machine learning in obesity.

Rich sources of obesity-related data arising from sensors, smartphone apps, electronic medical health records and insurance data can bring new insights for understanding, preventing and treating obesity. For such large datasets, machine learning provides sophisticated and elegant tools to describe, classify and predict obesity-related risks and outcomes. Here, we review machine learning methods that predict and/or classify such as linear and logistic regression, artificial neural networks, deep learning and decision tree analysis.

Litigation and chronic facial pain.

Clinical studies have suggested that the presence of litigation in chronic pain syndromes may complicate diagnostic and treatment strategies. In addition, psychosocial factors may be prevalent in such cases. The present study explored the possible correlation in the facial pain population between patients in litigation and psychological disturbance as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Comparison of MMPI scores with self-report of sleep disturbance and bruxism in the facial pain population.

Sleep disturbance and bruxism are common clinical characteristics of the chronic facial pain patient. Previous studies have shown that chronic pain patients reporting disturbed sleep show more psychopathology and respond less readily to treatment. Bruxism has been linked to emotional stress and periods of difficult life change.

Lateralization of chronic facial pain: fact or fiction.

Previous studies have shown that pain is generally reported more on the left side of the body. It has been hypothesized that patient report of left pain dominance may be due to the right hemisphere being less efficient in processing cutaneous sensory input while being dominant for emotional experience as compared with the left hemisphere of the brain. Only in cases of trigeminal neuralgia has self-report of pain been lateralized to the right side.

Comparison of clinical characteristics in myogenic, TMJ internal derangement and atypical facial pain patients.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders have been collectively grouped as myofascial pain-dysfunction syndrome (MPDS) or temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome (TMJDS). In the past, these terms have been used synonomously to describe a set of clinical signs and symptoms that include pain in the TMJ and muscles of mastication, limited or deviant opening of the mandible, and/or joint sounds. The present study segregated two major subgroups subsumed within this diagnostic classification and assigned them to a myogenic facial pain (MFP) group and a TMJ internal derangement (TMJID) group.

Psychological and behavioral aspects of chronic facial pain.

This article provides an overview of psychological and behavioral factors contributing to chronic facial pain. Psychiatric diagnostic issues are presented from the perspective of the primary treating physician or dentist, with emphasis on practical ways of identifying and managing patients with psychosocial complications of their presenting complaints. Behavioral factors contributing to facial pain, including parafunctional habits such as bruxism and muscular tension, and their connection to stress are discussed.

A new method of achieving accuracy in osteotomy of any long bone.

The use of basic trigonometrical principles enables the translation of theoretical pre-operative estimations for the correction of bony deformities in long bones into accurate wedge resections at surgery without the need for templates or the use of goniometer in a restricted operative field. The method described has been shown both to be accurate and simple, obviating the need for extra instrumentation and undue manipulation during surgery.