Analysis of Levels of Vitamin D, Beta-Amyloid 42, Indoxyl Sulfate, and Serum Parathyroid Hormone in Hemodialysis Patients with Cognitive Impairment.

Objective: Cognitive impairment is a recurrent complication in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which includes those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Researchers aimed to analyze vitamin D levels, beta-amyloid 42, indoxyl sulfate, and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) in patients with cognitive impairment who underwent HD.

Design: This comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted at the HD unit of Dr.

The anti-inflammatory activity of probiotic to activate Sirtuin-1 in inhibiting diabetic nephropathy progression.

Purpose: The activation of SIRT-1 in the kidney has become a new therapeutic target to increase resistance to many causal factors in DN development. Furthermore, antioxidative stress and anti-inflammation are essential to preventing renal fibrosis in DN. Therefore, finding "probiotic products" to treat and prevent DN is necessary.