Distinguishing Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy From Mimic Disorders: The Role of Statistical Modeling.

Background And Aims: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is difficult to distinguish from mimicking disorders, with misdiagnosis resulting in IVIG overutilization. We evaluate a clinical-electrophysiological model to facilitate CIDP versus mimic neuropathy prediction.

Methods: Using the European Academy of Neurology/Peripheral Nerve Society (EAN/PNS) 2021 CIDP guidelines we derived 26 clinical and 144 nerve conduction variables.

Self-efficacy Through Digital Care Plan Participation.

The concept of self-care is a foundational construct of individual health and wellness. Facilitated self-care is the next logical step in society's uptake of technology for previously high-touch clinical activities, such as patient education and frequent biometric data tracking. This retrospective study aimed to assess whether participation in a digital interactive care plan correlated with an increase in participants' perceived self-efficacy as measured by a change in the Shortened Perceived Medical Condition Self-management Scale score from baseline to end-of-care plan.

Highs and Lows of Spatially Fractionated Radiation Therapy: Dosimetry and Clinical Outcomes.

Objectives: Spatially fractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) intentionally delivers a heterogeneous dose distribution characterized by alternating regions of high and low doses throughout a tumor. This modality may enhance response to subsequent whole tumor radiation in bulky and radioresistant lesions that are historically less responsive to conventional radiation doses alone. The current study presents a single institution experience with modern era SFRT using predominantly a volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) lattice technique.

NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Altered Mitophagy Are Key Pathways in Inclusion Body Myositis.

Background: Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most prevalent muscle disease in adults for which no current treatment exists. The pathogenesis of IBM remains poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to explore the interplay between inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in IBM.

Trends and impact of endoscopic ultrasound utilization for suspected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Background: Multiple management guidelines for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) have been published to improve risk stratification and resource utilization. This study aims to evaluate trends in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) use and agreement between cross-sectional imaging and EUS for specific pancreas cystic lesion (PCL) features.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing EUS for suspected IPMN detected with cross-sectional imaging (CT/MRCP) between 2013 and 2015 (Cohort 1) and 2018-2020 (Cohort 2).

Epidemiology of traumatic cervical artery dissections.

Introduction: Unlike spontaneous cervical artery dissection (CeAD), the incidence of CeAD after a major trauma is not well characterized. This population-based observational study investigates the epidemiology and natural history of traumatic cervical artery dissection (CeADs) using data from the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) in Olmsted County, USA.

Methods: The REP system database has a high likelihood of complete case ascertainment and comparable demographics (age, sex) to the US population.

Undetected Dysplasia at Colectomy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. What Are We Missing?

Background And Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of developing colorectal dysplasia and colorectal cancer compared to the general population. Although the use of surveillance protocols has improved the ability to detect dysplasia, some lesions are still missed at colonoscopy. This study aims to determine the rate of dysplastic lesions that are undetected at colonoscopies in IBD patients undergoing colectomy and to identify factors associated with missed dysplasia.

Target Artery Outcomes Following Endovascular versus Open Surgical Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms - A Single Center Comparative Study.

Objective: To compare target artery (TA) outcomes after fenestrated or branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) versus open surgical repair (OSR) of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs).

Background: Few studies have compared TA outcomes after endovascular incorporation and open reconstruction.

Methods: Among consecutive patients who underwent elective OSR or FB-EVAR of TAAAs (2008-2020), we reviewed those who had postoperative imaging studies evaluating TA.

Efficacy of in-person versus digital enhanced lifestyle interventions in adults with overweight and obesity.

Background: Lifestyle interventions (LIs) are the cornerstone for obesity management. The Mayo Clinic Diet (MCD) offers two approaches for LIs: the In-Person LI (IPLI) and the Digital Enhanced LI (DELI). The IPLI includes a 2-day in-person program with monthly follow-ups, whereas the DELI provides on-demand digital tools.

Predictors of Local Control With Palliative Radiotherapy for Multiple Myeloma.

Introduction: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) receiving palliative radiotherapy (RT) and assessed factors associated with local control, with a focus on dose/fractionation and cytogenetics.

Materials And Methods: We included patients who received palliative RT for MM at our institution. Cytogenetics were collected via fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Rapid multiplex PCR panel for pneumonia in hospitalised patients with suspected pneumonia in the USA: a single-centre, open-label, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial.

Background: The clinical utility of rapid multiplex respiratory specimen PCR panels for pneumonia for patients with suspected pneumonia is undefined. We aimed to compare the effect of the BioFire FilmArray pneumonia panel (bioMérieux, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) with standard of care testing on antibiotic use in a real-world hospital setting.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre, open-label, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

The impact of internet connectivity when conducting a virtual clinical trial with participants living in rural areas.

Aim: The purpose of this secondary analysis was to describe issues related to internet connections during a virtual randomized clinical trial (v-RCT) that included family caregiver participants living in rural areas.

Background: Success of v-RCTs depends on reliable, high-quality internet access, which can be problematic in rural areas.

Methods: Interventionists documented connectivity issues and corrections made to address connectivity in a narrative note after each virtual visit with family caregivers enrolled in a v-RCT.

Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics in Segmental Colitis Associated With Diverticulosis, Diverticulitis, and Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis (SCAD) is an underrecognized disease characterized by chronic segmental inflammation surrounding colonic diverticula. SCAD is recognized as an autonomous entity, although shares similar pathogenic and therapeutic aspects to inflammatory bowel disease and may be considered a complication of diverticulitis. We aimed to characterize the clinical, endoscopic, and radiographic findings of SCAD and its potential overlap with diverticulitis and inflammatory bowel disease.

Incidence of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis in Patients Receiving Rectal Indomethacin vs. Compounded Rectal Diclofenac Prophylaxis.

Background And Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) carries a 3-15% risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Rectal indomethacin reduces the risk of PEP, but its cost has increased more than 20-fold over the past decade. Rectal diclofenac is also used to prevent PEP but is not commercially available in the United States.

Transitional Palliative Care for Family Caregivers: Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Context: Patients receiving inpatient palliative care often face physical and psychological uncertainties during transitions out of the hospital. Family caregivers often take on responsibilities to ensure patient safety, quality of care, and extend palliative care principles, but often without support or training, potentially compromising their health and well-being.

Objectives: This study tested an eight-week intervention using video visits between palliative care nurse interventionists and caregivers to assess changes in caregiver outcomes and patient quality of life.

A Prospective Pilot Study of Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Radiation Therapy as a Component of Trimodality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton radiation therapy (RT) in trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer.

Methods And Materials: This prospective pilot study was planned to accrue 30 patients with locally advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma medically suitable for chemoradiation therapy (CRT) followed by esophagectomy. PBS proton RT consisted of 25 fractions, 50 Gy to tumor + 1 cm and 45 Gy to a 3.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis: Diagnostic and Immunopathologic Insights.

Objective: To evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine/chemokine profile of central nervous system (CNS) neurosarcoidosis (NS), and its utility in differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication.

Methods: In this case-control study, we validated 17 cytokines/chemokines (interleukin [IL]-1-beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, BAFF, IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM-CSF, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) in a multiplexed automated immunoassay system (ELLA; Bio-Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and assessed them in CSF and serum of symptomatic patients with probable or definite CNS NS (01/2011-02/2023) with gadolinium enhancement and/or CSF pleocytosis. Patients with multiple sclerosis, primary CNS lymphoma, aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G positivity, non-inflammatory disorders, and healthy individuals were used as controls.

Machine learning to optimize literature screening in medical guideline development.

Objectives: In a time of exponential growth of new evidence supporting clinical decision-making, combined with a labor-intensive process of selecting this evidence, methods are needed to speed up current processes to keep medical guidelines up-to-date. This study evaluated the performance and feasibility of active learning to support the selection of relevant publications within medical guideline development and to study the role of noisy labels.

Design: We used a mixed-methods design.

Early and Late Aortic-Related Mortality and Rupture After Fenestrated-Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair (FB-EVAR) has been used as a minimally invasive alternative to open surgical repair to treat patients with thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). The aim of this study was to evaluate aortic-related mortality (ARM) and aortic aneurysm rupture after FB-EVAR of TAAAs.

Methods: Patients enrolled in 8 prospective, nonrandomized, physician-sponsored investigational device exemption studies between 2005 and 2020 who underwent elective FB-EVAR of asymptomatic intact TAAAs were analyzed.

Caregiver recruitment strategies for interventions designed to optimize transitions from hospital to home: lessons from a randomized trial.

Challenges to recruitment of family caregivers exist and are amplified when consent must occur in the context of chaotic healthcare circumstances, such as the transition from hospital to home. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic during our randomized controlled trial provided an opportunity for a natural experiment exploring and examining different consent processes for caregiver recruitment. The purpose of this publication is to describe different recruitment processes (in-person versus virtual) and compare diversity in recruitment rates in the context of a care recipient's hospitalization.

NLRP3 inflammasome activation and altered mitophagy are key pathways in inclusion body myositis.

Background: Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most prevalent muscle disease in adults for which no current treatment exists. The pathogenesis of IBM remains poorly defined. Inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction are the most common histopathological findings.

Unraveling the Variability of Human Satiation: Implications for Precision Obesity Management.

Satiation is the physiologic process that regulates meal size and termination, and it is quantified by the calories consumed to reach satiation. Given its role in energy intake, changes in satiation contribute to obesity's pathogenesis. Our study employed a protocolized approach to study the components of food intake regulation including a standardized breakfast, a gastric emptying study, appetite sensation testing, and a satiation measurement by an test.