Tinnitus, the phantom sound: A review of history and guidelines for care.

The experience of tinnitus can range from inducing annoyance to debility. In the US, tinnitus is estimated to affect 1 in 10 adults, though it is known to be underreported. Often dismissed, tinnitus can be a precursor for treatable pathologies.

Evaluating the Risk-Benefit Profile of Corticosteroid Therapy for COVID-19 Patients: A Scoping Review.

Background: The 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. It quickly spread across all continents, causing significant social, environmental, health, and economic impacts. During the pandemic, there has been consideration of repurposing and repositioning of medications, such as corticosteroids, for the treatment of hospitalised COVID-19 patients.

Development of the comprehensive inpatient transfer tool: initial reliability and validity.

A new patient transfer assessment scale for use in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) is warranted to assess level of assistance, adaptations needed for success, and movement strategies. This study presents initial psychometric analyses for the Comprehensive Inpatient Transfer Tool (CITT). CITT items were developed through interdisciplinary team discussions.

Factors associated with pain intensity and analgesic use during inpatient rehabilitation for hip fracture.

Purpose: Effective pain management is vital for hip fracture recovery, yet the factors influencing pain reporting and pain medication use during inpatient rehabilitation for hip fractures are not well understood. This observational study aimed to (a) determine how cognitive abilities, expressive and receptive language abilities, and age are related to average daily pain intensity and analgesic use and (b) how average daily pain intensity and analgesic use are related to length of stay and functional outcomes in rehabilitation.

Design: Data were retrospectively obtained from 163 patients recovering from unilateral trochanteric fractures of the femur.

Assessing Clinically Important Differences During Rehabilitation for Stroke: A Pilot Study Evaluating Anchor and Distribution Derived Estimates of Physical Function Change in Classically Summed and Rasch Models of Section GG of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument.

Objective: To determine clinically important differences (CIDs) on Section GG physical functioning scores on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Assessment Instrument (IRF-PAI) for patients with stroke, using anchor and distribution-based approaches.

Design: Pilot prospective observational cohort study.

Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Peer-Assisted Learning Is More Effective at Higher Task Complexity and Difficulty.

This paper presents two studies in which a peer-assisted learning condition was compared to an individual learning condition. The first study used the paired-associates learning task and the second study used an incrementally more complex task-the remote associate test. Participants in the peer-assisted learning condition worked in groups of four.

Concurrent Validation of the Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument Version 1.4; Sections GG, B, and C.

Objective: To validate Sections GG (Self-Care and Mobility Assessment), B (Hearing, Speech, and Vision), and C (Cognitive Patterns) of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument (CMS-IRF PAI) Version 1.4 in comparison with Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor subscale (FIMm) and cognitive subscale (FIMc).

Design: Retrospective cohort.

Factors affecting the advancement of Black nurses into leadership roles: A scoping review.

Background: The profession of nursing has recognized the lack of diversity in nursing leadership. Nurses of color represent fewer than 20% of leadership roles in nursing administration, education, and professional organizations. Efforts are needed to identify and implement strategies to increase the representation of nurses of color in positions of high influence.

Predictors of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Moderate Aortic Stenosis: Implications for Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background: Although the prognosis and management of severe aortic stenosis has been extensively studied, the risk stratification and outcomes of patients with moderate aortic stenosis remain elusive.

Methods: This study included 674 patients from the Cleveland Clinic Health System with moderate aortic stenosis (aortic valve area, 1-1.5 cm; mean gradient, 20-40 mm Hg; and peak velocity <4 m/s) and an NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) level within 3 months of index diagnosis.

Predicting Falls in Rehabilitation: A Comparison of Three Instruments Including Hester Davis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of the Hester Davis Scale (HDS), Section GG, and facility fall risk assessment scores to predict patients who fall during inpatient rehabilitation.

Design: This study was an observational quality improvement project.

Methods: Nurses administered the HDS in parallel to the facility's current fall risk assessment and Section GG of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility Patient Assessment Instrument.

Frog hatchlings use early environmental cues to produce an anticipatory resource-use phenotype.

Developmental plasticity can occur at any life stage, but plasticity that acts early in development may give individuals a competitive edge later in life. Here, we asked if early (pre-feeding) exposure to a nutrient-rich resource impacts hatchling morphology in Mexican spadefoot toad tadpoles, . A distinctive carnivore morph can be induced when tadpoles eat live fairy shrimp.

Ultrasound Image Quality Comparison Between a Handheld Ultrasound Transducer and Mid-Range Ultrasound Machine.

: Not all labor and delivery floors are equipped with ultrasound machines which can serve the needs of both obstetricians and anesthesiologists. This cross-sectional, blinded, randomized observational study compares the image resolution (RES), detail (DET), and quality (IQ) acquired by a handheld ultrasound, the Butterfly iQ, and a mid-range mobile device, the Sonosite M-turbo US (SU), to evaluate their use as a shared resource. : Seventy-four pairs of ultrasound images were obtained for different imaging purposes: 29 for spine (Sp), 15 for transversus abdominis plane (TAP) and 30 for diagnostic obstetrics (OB) purposes.

Single-cell analysis identifies Ifi27l2a as a novel gene regulator of microglial inflammation in the context of aging and stroke.

Microglia are key mediators of inflammatory responses within the brain, as they regulate pro-inflammatory responses while also limiting neuroinflammation via reparative phagocytosis. Thus, identifying genes that modulate microglial function may reveal novel therapeutic interventions for promoting better outcomes in diseases featuring extensive inflammation, such as stroke. To facilitate identification of potential mediators of inflammation, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of aged mouse brains following stroke and found that was significantly up-regulated, particularly in microglia.

Triplet Fusion Upconversion for Photocuring 3D-Printed Particle-Reinforced Composite Networks.

High energy photons (λ < 400 nm) are frequently used to initiate free radical polymerizations to form polymer networks, but are only effective for transparent objects. This phenomenon poses a major challenge to additive manufacturing of particle-reinforced composite networks since deep light penetration of short-wavelength photons limits the homogeneous modification of physicochemical and mechanical properties. Herein, the unconventional, yet versatile, multiexciton process of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) is employed for curing opaque hydrogel composites created by direct-ink-write (DIW) 3D printing.

COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocardial and Pericardial Inflammation.

Purpose Of Review: To review myocarditis and pericarditis developing after COVID-19 vaccinations and identify the management strategies.

Recent Findings: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are safe and effective. Systemic side effects of the vaccines are usually mild and transient.

Comparison of the Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for identifying cognitive impairments and predicting rehabilitation outcomes in an inpatient rehabilitation facility.

Background: The Brief Interview for Mental Status (BIMS) is the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' primary cognitive assessment for multiple health care settings. However, research suggests that the BIMS has low sensitivity in detecting mild cognitive impairment in community samples and nursing home residents.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity of the BIMS in identifying patients with mild or moderate cognitive impairments in an inpatient rehabilitation setting and the relationship of BIMS and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores with rehabilitation outcomes.

Palliative Ventilator Withdrawal Practices in an Inpatient Hospice Unit.

Background: Palliative ventilator withdrawal (PVW) involves removal of mechanical ventilation in patients not expected to survive to allow a peaceful death. This process traditionally occurs in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and recently has evolved to occur in Inpatient Hospice and Palliative Care Units (IPU).

Objectives: To describe the process and response of patients undergoing PVW in an IPU setting.