Effect of instrument orientation on the accuracy of intraocular pressure measurements in human cadaveric eyes: manometric evaluation of the model 30 classic Pneumatonometer and Tono-Pen XL.

Purpose: To determine the effects of probe orientation on the accuracy of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements obtained with pneumatonometry (Model 30 Classic Pneumatonometer, Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY) and with a handheld electronic tonometer (Tono-Pen XL, Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments, Depew, NY).

Materials And Methods: Six enucleated human eyes were obtained fewer than 24 hours postmortem. IOP was maintained at 10, 20, and 30 mm Hg, sequentially, via liquid column manometry.

Intraocular pressure measurements throughout the 24 h.

Purpose Of Review: This review summarizes the relationship of 24 h intraocular pressure (IOP) on the management of glaucoma.

Recent Findings: The 24 h IOP pattern demonstrates nocturnal elevation in the majority of individuals. Prostaglandin analogs and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors lower both diurnal and nocturnal IOPs.

Detection of psychophysical and structural injury in eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy and normal standard automated perimetry.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of structural and psychophysical abnormalities in normal eyes and eyes with glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and normal standard automated perimetry (SAP).

Methods: Complete examination, SAP, short-wavelength automated perimetry (SWAP), frequency doubling technology (FDT), scanning laser polarimetry (GDx-VCC), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic disc, and macula were performed. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy was defined as cup-disc asymmetry between fellow eyes of greater than 0.

Clinical variables associated with glaucomatous injury in eyes with large optic disc cupping.

Background And Objective: To characterize the range of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and standard automated perimetry damage in eyes with large vertical cup-disc ratio (VCDR).

Patients And Methods: Complete examination, standard automated perimetry, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the RNFL and optic nerve head were performed. Large VCDR was defined as > or = 0.

Macular symmetry testing for glaucoma detection.

Purpose: To evaluate structural asymmetry in the macula using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in glaucomatous eyes with visual field defects localized to one hemifield.

Methods: Complete examination, standard automated perimetry (SAP), and OCT imaging (512 A-scans) of the peripapillary retina and macula were performed. Exclusion criteria were visual acuity <20/40, diseases other than glaucoma, and SAP defects localized to both hemifields.

Quantitative assessment of atypical birefringence images using scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation.

Purpose: To define the clinical characteristics of atypical birefringence images and to describe a quantitative method for their identification.

Design: Prospective, comparative, clinical observational study.

Methods: Normal and glaucomatous eyes underwent complete examination, standard automated perimetry, scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (GDx-VCC), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and optic disk.

Predicting subsequent visual field loss in glaucomatous subjects with disc hemorrhage using retinal nerve fiber layer polarimetry.

Purpose: To predict progression of visual field loss after an episode of disc hemorrhage in glaucoma patients on the basis of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) GDx polarimetry measurements analyzed by wavelet-Fourier analysis (WFA).

Methods: Retrospective GDx data from 16 subjects (10 progressors and 6 non-progressors based on visual fields) obtained near the time of disc hemorrhage were analyzed to predict which patients would have visual field progression. Polarimetry scans throughout a follow-up period (31 months average) were also analyzed to compare field progression to RNFL thickness change after the hemorrhage.

Blood flow studies and serological testing in the diagnostic evaluation of glaucoma: a pilot study.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of hemodynamically significant carotid artery stenosis, peripapillary blood flow, and serologic abnormalities in a pilot study among patients with glaucoma.

Patients And Methods: All subjects underwent complete eye examination, standard automated perimetry, carotid Doppler ultrasonography, serum laboratory testing, and scanning laser Doppler flowmetry (SLDF). Subjects were subdivided into two groups based on glaucoma subtype (normal-tension vs primary open-angle glaucoma) and severity (mild vs moderate-advanced).

Variation of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer birefringence in normal human subjects.

Purpose: The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) exhibits linear birefringence due to the oriented cylindrical structure of ganglion cell axons. The birefringence (Deltan) depends on the density and composition of axonal organelles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distribution of birefringence around the optic nerve head (ONH) in normal subjects.

Quantitative assessment of structural damage in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities.

Purpose: To evaluate the pattern of structural damage in the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP-VCC) in glaucomatous eyes with localized visual field defects.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional analysis.

Methods: Complete examination, automated achromatic perimetry (AAP), Stratus OCT imaging (512 A-scans) of the peripapillary retina and macula, and SLP-VCC imaging of the peripapillary RNFL were performed.

Outcome of surgery on infants younger than 1 month with congenital glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the visual outcomes and surgical and anesthetic complication rates of patients with newborn glaucoma operated within 1 month of age.

Design: Retrospective, consecutive, noncomparative case series.

Participants: All children with newborn glaucoma who underwent surgery between January 1990 and December 2000 were included.

Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation: identification and correction for corneal birefringence in eyes with macular disease.

Purpose: In scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC), the macula is used as an intraocular polarimeter to calculate and neutralize corneal birefringence based on an intact Henle's layer. The purpose of this investigation was to validate this strategy in eyes with macular structural disease.

Methods: A nerve fiber analyzer was modified to enable the measurement of corneal polarization axis and magnitude so that compensation for corneal birefringence was eye specific.

Scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation and optical coherence tomography in normal and glaucomatous eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between visual function and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements obtained with scanning laser polarimetry with variable corneal compensation (SLP-VCC) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of normal and glaucomatous eyes in a tertiary care academic referral practice.

Methods: A commercial GDx nerve fiber analyzer was modified to enable the measurement of corneal polarization axis and magnitude so that compensation for corneal birefringence was eye specific.

Macular thickness changes in glaucomatous optic neuropathy detected using optical coherence tomography.

Objective: To correlate macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in normal and glaucomatous eyes using optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Complete examination, automated achromatic perimetry, and optical coherence tomography of the peripapillary RNFL and macula were performed. Exclusion criteria were visual acuity of less than 20/40, diseases other than glaucoma, and unreliable automated achromatic perimetry.

Pupillary block glaucoma following implantation of a posterior chamber pseudophakos in the anterior chamber.

Pupillary block glaucoma is a common complication of cataract surgery, especially following anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. We report a case of pupillary block glaucoma with a posterior chamber IOL that was implanted in the anterior chamber following a complicated extracapsular cataract extraction. The case was successfully managed by explantation of the posterior chamber lens, anterior vitrectomy, peripheral iridectomy and secondary anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation.