Rates of screening for sexually transmitted infections in adolescents with and without disabilities.

Background: Individuals with disabilities experience a higher prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) compared to their counterparts without disabilities; however, there is limited data on whether they are screened for STIs at the same rate. The aim of this study was to determine whether adolescents and young adults with disabilities undergo routine screening for STIs at lower rates than individuals without disabilities.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of female patients aged 16-21 years who were seen between July 2021 and August 2023 by pediatrics, internal medicine/pediatrics, or family medicine at a single institution.

The Reproducibility and Reliability of Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion Indices in Children and Adolescents.

Context: Insulin sensitivity and secretion indices can be useful tools in understanding insulin homeostasis in children at risk for diabetes. There have been few studies examining the reproducibility of these measures in pediatrics.

Objective: To determine whether fasting or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived insulin measures would be more reproducible and whether there would be differences based on weight, sex, race, and pubertal status.

Maternal Mobile Device Use and Mealtime Interactions With Children.

Objective: This study examined (1) whether different types of mobile device use are associated with quantity/quality of parent-child interactions and (2) moment-to-moment changes in quantity/quality of parent-child interactions when devices are used.

Method: In 47 videorecorded home mealtimes conducted in 2011 to 2013, we conducted detailed coding of maternal device use (talking, texting/scrolling, having device on table), frequency of mother and child verbalizations, child bids for attention, and maternal response to bids (contingent, no response, negative response) in 5-second intervals. We examined between-mother differences in parent-child interaction variables for a 10-percentage point increase in each type of device use comparisons using negative binomial or logistic regression.

One Pump at a Time: A Wearable Lactation Pump Pilot for Graduate Medical Education Trainees.

Despite the known benefits of lactation, lactating graduate medical education (GME) trainees encounter difficulties when returning to work. Wearable lactation pumps are known to be beneficial in lactating physicians, but the benefit for GME trainees in clinical care and education has not been explored. The objective of this study was to examine the benefits of wearable lactation pumps on education and clinical care for GME trainees.

"Is it a seizure?" Prediction tool for seizure likelihood in children aged 1-24 months admitted for electroencephalographic monitoring of paroxysmal, rhythmic, and repetitive events.

Objective: Paroxysmal, rhythmic, and repetitive events (PRREs) during infancy can be concerning for possible seizures, especially following perinatal brain injuries. The workup for establishing whether a PRRE represents a seizure involves the use of continuous video-electroencephalography (cVEEG) for event characterization. This study aims to determine the diagnostic yield of cVEEG for evaluating events concerning for seizures in children aged 1-24 months.

Intervention to increase physical activity and healthy eating among under-represented adolescents: GOAL trial protocol.

Introduction: To reduce obesity-related disparities, reaching economically disadvantaged and/or minority status adolescents to assist them in meeting physical activity (PA) and nutrition recommendations is important. To address the problem, a 16-week intervention called Guys/Girls Opt for Activities for Life (GOAL) was designed. The purpose of this randomised controlled trial is to evaluate any effect of the intervention, compared with a control condition, on improving: (1) adolescents' % body fat (primary outcome), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), diet quality and cardiorespiratory fitness from 0 to 4 months; (2) body mass index (BMI), overweight/obesity percentage and quality of life from 0 to 4 months and to 13 months; and (3) perceived social support, self-efficacy and motivation from 0 to 4 months with evaluation of any mediating effect on adolescent PA and diet quality.

Virtual Schooling and Pediatric Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

In this single-site, retrospective, descriptive chart review and survey, we investigated changes in pediatric behavioral health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic and the relationship between virtual schooling and hospitalized children's mental health. Subjects included patients aged 6 and 18 years during the 2015 to 2019 and 2020 to 2021 school years who received inpatient mental health care. Parents of patients admitted in 2020 to 2021 were surveyed regarding their child's schooling.

Feeding and developmental outcomes after neonatal seizures-A prospective observational study.

Objective: Among neonates with acute symptomatic seizures, we evaluated whether inability to take full feeds at time of hospital discharge from neonatal seizure admission is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes, after adjusting for relevant clinical variables.

Methods: This prospective, 9-center study of the assessed characteristics of infants with seizures including: evidence of brainstem injury on MRI, mode of feeding upon discharge, and developmental outcomes at 12, 18, and 24 months. Inability to take oral feeds was identified through review of medical records.

Management Practices for Standard-Risk and High-Risk Patients With Bronchiolitis.

Objective: Management guidelines for bronchiolitis advocate for supportive care and exclude those with high-risk conditions. We aim to describe and compare the management of standard-risk and high-risk patients with bronchiolitis.

Methods: This retrospective study examined patients <2 years of age admitted to the general pediatric ward with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision discharge diagnosis code of bronchiolitis or viral syndrome with evidence of lower respiratory tract involvement.

Developmental trajectories of eating behaviors and cross-lagged associations with weight across infancy.

Examining typical developmental trajectories of infant eating behaviors, correlates of those trajectories, and cross-lagged associations between eating behaviors and anthropometry, is important to understand the etiology of these behaviors and their relevance to growth early in the lifespan. Mothers (N = 276) completed the Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire (BEBQ) and infant anthropometrics were measured at ages 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 months. Infant and maternal characteristics were collected by maternal report.

Improved Patient Outcomes and Pediatric Resident Performance With a Parent and Faculty Communication Coaching Curriculum.

Communication skills are an important part of patient care, but an often neglected part of residency training. Longitudinal active coaching of communication has the potential to effectively improve communication curricula. A novel communication coach curriculum was implemented with approximately half of a pediatric residency class.

Capacity for Regulation of Energy Intake in Infancy.

Importance: The capacity for regulation of energy intake (REI) to match energy needs is thought to contribute to differences in weight gain, and preventing excess infant weight gain is a priority.

Objective: To determine capacity for REI across infancy.

Design, Setting, And Participants: For this cohort study, a convenience sample of mother-infant dyads was recruited from the community in Michigan between 2015 and 2019.

Ecological contexts associated with early childhood curiosity: Neighborhood safety, home and parenting quality, and socioeconomic status.

Introduction: Curiosity is an important social-emotional process underlying early learning. Our previous work found a positive association between higher curiosity and higher academic achievement at kindergarten, with a greater magnitude of benefit for children with socioeconomic disadvantage. Because characteristics of the early caregiving and physical environment impact the processes that underlie early learning, we sought to examine early environmental experiences associated with early childhood curiosity, in hopes of identifying modifiable contexts that may promote its expression.

Quantitative analysis of tear angiogenic factors in retinopathy of prematurity: a pilot biomarker study.

Purpose: To determine whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), angiopoeitin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoetin-2 (Ang-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) can be reliably collected and analyzed from infant tears to aid in the diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and enhance the ability to objectively monitor its clinical course.

Methods: In this nonrandomized controlled investigation, tear and saliva samples collected from 20 premature infants during serial ophthalmic examination were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunoassay with results analyzed as a function of disease stage and need for treatment.

Results: Tear volume was directly correlated with corrected gestational age (P < 0.

Child Media Use During COVID-19: Associations with Contextual and Social-Emotional Factors.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test associations between (1) contextual factors and types of digital media use and (2) types of digital media use and children's social-emotional and sleep outcomes during COVID-19.

Methods: In February to March 2021, 303 parents of elementary schoolers participated in this cross-sectional survey gathering information on demographics, child school format, contextual factors, duration of types of digital media use, social-emotional outcomes, and sleep. Multivariable regressions examined associations outlined in the objective, adjusting for school format, only child, race/ethnicity, and parental stress, depressive symptoms, education, and material hardship.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Young Adult Patients with Severe Sepsis Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units Versus Medical/Surgical Intensive Care Units.

Young adults receive severe sepsis treatment across pediatric and adult care settings. However, little is known about young adult sepsis outcome differences in pediatric versus adult hospital settings. Using Truven MarketScan database from 2010-2015, we compared in-hospital mortality and hospital length of stay in young adults ages 18-26 treated for severe sepsis in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) versus Medical ICUs (MICUs)/Surgical ICUs (SICUs) using logistic regression models and accelerated time failure models, respectively.

Remote and Hybrid Schooling During COVID-19: Associations with Child Behavior and Sleep.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of child behavior, academic and sleep concerns, and parent stress and depression symptoms during COVID-19; to test associations of parent-child well-being with child school format; and to examine effect moderation by child race/ethnicity and material hardship.

Methods: A total of 305 English-speaking parents of elementary school-age children completed online surveys regarding demographics, child school format, behavior, learning-related experiences, sleep, and parent stress and depression symptoms. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses examined associations of school format with child and parent outcomes.

Increased prevalence and severity of psychiatric illness in hospitalized youth during COVID-19.

Background And Objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in mental health emergencies among youth seen in ambulatory and emergency room settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates rates of mental health-related consultation and markers of illness severity since the start of the pandemic.

Methods: We evaluated all pediatric patients admitted to a single children's hospital from March 2019 to March 2021 who received psychiatry and/or psychology consults.

Weekend Admissions for Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders and Length of Stay.

Objectives: To evaluate whether admission on weekends affects the length of stay (LOS) for patients hospitalized with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs).

Methods: Data from 2012-2018 was obtained for all patients aged 4 to 21 years (N = 5459) with a primary discharge diagnosis of SSRDs from 52 tertiary care pediatric hospitals in the United States. We obtained patient demographics, admission date and/or time, LOS, procedure count, and comorbid conditions.

Parent Verbalizations and Toddler Responses With Touchscreen Tablet Nursery Rhyme Apps.

Objectives: In some studies, parents and toddlers verbalize less when engaging with a tablet versus a print book. More needs to be known regarding child contributions to specific parent verbalizations. We examined parent-toddler contingent interactions with tablet applications versus print books, as well as moderators of these associations.

Levetiracetam Prophylaxis for Children Admitted With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Prophylactic antiseizure medications (ASMs) for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) are understudied. We evaluated clinical and radiographic features that inform prescription of ASMs for pediatric TBI. We hypothesized that despite a lack of evidence, levetiracetam is the preferred prophylactic ASM but that prophylaxis is inconsistently prescribed.

Palliative care is not associated with decreased intensity of care: Results of a chart review from a large children's hospital.

Background: Palliative care is an important component of pediatric oncology care, especially for children who will not be cured of their disease. However, barriers remain to integration of this service. One barrier is the perception that it indicates "giving up.

The Length of Gomco Clamp Timing and Its Effect on Bleeding.

Background: Bleeding is the most common complication of circumcisions in newborns. Gomco clamps are used to perform neonatal circumcisions. Although a clamp time of 5 minutes is recommended, there is no evidence to support this recommendation.

Lactational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls is higher in overweight /obese women and associated with altered infant growth trajectory: A pilot study.

Background: Infant exposure to environmental chemicals, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), may contribute to developmental programming of long-term metabolic disease risk. PCBs persist given their lipophilicity and long half-lives, allowing them to bio-accumulate in adipose tissue. These compounds can then be excreted into maternal milk resulting in infant exposure.

The Use of Electronic Health Record Tools to Improve Evidence-Based Treatment of Adolescent Depression in Primary Care.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate primary care pediatrician (PCP) adoption of an electronic health record (EHR) documentation tool and their delivery of a behavioral activation (BA) intervention within their routine practice with adolescents who screened positive for depression.

Methods: We used the RE-AIM framework to describe PCP adoption and implementation of EHR documentation tools and brief evidence-based protocols. Utilization was assessed using a customized toolbar (ie, actions toolbar) via retrospective chart review.