Impact of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on HIV persistence and immune dynamics during suppressive antiretroviral therapy.

Objective: We sought to determine if standard influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can be used to stimulate HIV reservoirs during antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Design: A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of two clinically recommended vaccines (influenza and pneumococcal).

Methods: Persons with HIV on ART ( N  = 54) were enrolled in the clinical trial.

Graduate nurses' capability upon entering the workforce: An integrative review.

Objectives: To clarify capability for work readiness in newly graduated registered nurses as viewed from the perspective of clinicians in practice, educators in tertiary institutions, and graduates.

Design: Integrative review.

Data Sources: Databases searched for peer-reviewed studies included PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Campbell collaboration, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases.

Development and Initial Evaluation of a Nurse-Led Healthcare Clinic for Homeless and At-Risk Populations in Tasmania, Australia: A Collaborative Initiative.

People who are homeless experience significantly poorer health than the general population and often face multifaceted challenges engaging with public healthcare services. Mission Health Nurse-led Clinic (MHNC) was established in 2019 to meet the healthcare needs of this marginalised population in Launceston, Tasmania. This study examines barriers to healthcare access amongst individuals who experience homelessness, client and staff perceptions of the MHNC services and explored opportunities for service expansion.

Within-session variability as quality control for oscillometry in health and disease.

Oscillometry is increasingly adopted in respiratory clinics, but many recommendations regarding measurement settings and quality control remain subjective. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal number of measurements and acceptable within-session coefficient of variation (CoV) in health, asthma and COPD. 15 healthy, 15 asthma and 15 COPD adult participants were recruited.

Angiogenic regulatory influence of extracellular matrix deposited by resting state asthmatic and non-asthmatic airway smooth muscle cells is similar.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the tissue microenvironment that regulates the characteristics of stromal and systemic cells to control processes such as inflammation and angiogenesis. Despite ongoing anti-inflammatory treatment, low levels of inflammation exist in the airways in asthma, which alters ECM deposition by airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. The altered ECM causes aberrant behaviour of cells, such as endothelial cells, in the airway tissue.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on the Effects of Oats and Oat Processing on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin Responses.

Background: Oats are a whole grain cereal with potentially favorable effects on the postprandial glycemic response; however, the effects of oat processing on these glycemic benefits are not well understood.

Objectives: The study objective was to determine the effects of differently processed oats on the postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses relative to refined grains.

Methods: Eleven electronic databases were systematically searched to identify studies published up to and including May 2019.

Midwife Laborist Model in a Collaborative Community Practice.

Since the introduction of a hospitalist physician model of care by Wachter and Goldman in 1996, important changes have occurred to address the care of hospitalized patients. This model was followed by the introduction of laborist physicians by Louis Weinstein in 2003, although large health maintenance organization practices have used this model since the 1990s. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists supported the laborist model in a 2016 statement that was reaffirmed in 2017, recommending "the continued development and study of the obstetric and gynecologic hospitalist model as one potential approach to improve patient safety and professional satisfaction across delivery settings.

Nutritional Gaps and Supplementation in the First 1000 Days.

Optimized nutrition during the first 1000 days (from conception through the 2nd birthday) is critical for healthy development and a healthy life for the newborn. Pregnancy and the postpartum period are accompanied by physiological changes, increased energy needs, and changing requirements in the nutrients critical for optimal growth and development. Infants and toddlers also experience physiological changes and have specific nutritional needs.

Canine CD117-Specific Antibodies with Diverse Binding Properties Isolated from a Phage Display Library Using Cell-Based Biopanning.

CD117 (c-Kit) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in multiple dog tumors. There is 100% homology between the juxtamembrane domain of human and canine CD117, and many cancer-causing mutations occur in this region in both species. Thus, CD117 is an important target for cancer treatment in dogs and for comparative oncology studies.

Neoplastic Transformation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Mediated via LIN28B.

Bone marrow stromal (Mesenchymal) stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent bone cells capable of differentiating into mesoderm-type cells, such as osteoblasts and adipocytes. Existing evidence suggests that transformation of MSCs gives rise to sarcoma. In order to identify the molecular mechanism leading to spontaneous transformation of human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs), we performed comprehensive microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA profiling in the transformed hBMSC-Tum line compared to the parental clone.

Fibronectin-conjugated thermoresponsive nanobridges generate three dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cultures for differentiation towards the neural lineages.

Production of 3-dimensional neural progenitor cultures from human pluripotent stem cells offers the potential to generate large numbers of cells. We utilised our nanobridge system to generate 3D hPSC aggregates for differentiation towards the neural lineage, and investigate the ability to passage aggregates while maintaining cells at a stem/progenitor stage. Over 38 days, aggregate cultures exhibited upregulation and maintenance of neural-associated markers and demonstrated up to 10 fold increase in cell number.

Media composition modulates human embryonic stem cell morphology and may influence preferential lineage differentiation potential.

Undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells have a distinct morphology (hESC). Changes in cell morphology during culture can be indicative of differentiation. hESC, maintained in diverse medias, demonstrated alterations in morphological parameters and subsequent alterations in underlying transcript expression and lineage differentiation.

TAFA2 Induces Skeletal (Stromal) Stem Cell Migration Through Activation of Rac1-p38 Signaling.

Understanding the mechanisms regulating recruitment of human skeletal (stromal or mesenchymal) stem cells (hMSC) to sites of tissue injury is a prerequisite for their successful use in cell replacement therapy. Chemokine-like protein TAFA2 is a recently discovered neurokine involved in neuronal cell migration and neurite outgrowth. Here, we demonstrate a possible role for TAFA2 in regulating recruitment of hMSC to bone fracture sites.

The effects of whole-grain compared with refined wheat, rice, and rye on the postprandial blood glucose response: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Whole grains are often referred to collectively, despite differences in their composition, physical structure, processing, and potential health benefits.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the postprandial blood glucose response of whole-grain with refined wheat, rice, or rye, while controlling for the food delivery matrix and the processing of the grain (e.g.

Molecular Phenotyping of Telomerized Human Bone Marrow Skeletal Stem Cells Reveals a Genetic Program of Enhanced Proliferation and Maintenance of Differentiation Responses.

Long-term in vitro expansion of bone marrow stromal (skeletal) stem cells (also known as human mesenchymal stem cells [hMSC]) is associated with replicative senescence and impaired functions. We have previously reported that telomerization of hMSC through hTERT overexpression led to bypassing a replicative senescence phenotype and improved in vitro and in vivo functions. However, the molecular consequence of telomerization is poorly characterized.

Leucine, Not Total Protein, Content of a Supplement Is the Primary Determinant of Muscle Protein Anabolic Responses in Healthy Older Women.

Background: Older adults show a blunted muscle protein synthesis (MPS) response to postprandial hyperaminoacidemia relative to younger adults. Evidence suggests that this anabolic resistance can be overcome by consuming greater quantities of leucine.

Objective: The purpose of this trial was to determine whether the addition of leucine to a smaller dose (10 g) of milk proteins would, when compared with a larger dose (25 g) of whey protein isolate (WPI), result in similar increases in acute (hourly) and integrated (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS).

Consuming Lower-Protein Nutrition Bars with Added Leucine Elicits Postprandial Changes in Appetite Sensations in Healthy Women.

Background: Higher-protein meals (>25 g protein/meal) have been associated with enhanced satiety but the role of amino acids is unclear. Leucine has been proposed to stimulate satiety in rodents but has not been assessed in humans.

Objective: We assessed the acute effects of lower-protein nutrition bars, enhanced with a leucine peptide (LP), on postprandial appetite sensations in combination with plasma leucine and peptide YY (PYY) in healthy women.

Induction of quiescence (G0) in bone marrow stromal stem cells enhances their stem cell characteristics.

Several studies have suggested that bone marrow stromal steam cells (BMSC) exist in a quiescent state (G0) within the in vivo niche; however, an explicit analysis of the biology of G0 state-BMSC has not been reported. We hypothesized that induction of G0 in BMSC might enhance their stem cell properties. Thus, we induced quiescence in BMSC in vitro by (a) suspension culture in a viscous medium or (b) culture on soft polyacrylamide substrate; and examined their molecular and functional phenotype.

Protein leucine content is a determinant of shorter- and longer-term muscle protein synthetic responses at rest and following resistance exercise in healthy older women: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Older women may not be consuming enough protein to maintain muscle mass. Augmentation of protein intake with leucine may enhance the muscle protein synthetic response in older women to aid in maintaining muscle mass.

Objective: We measured the acute (hourly) and integrated (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS) response to consumption of a high-quality mixed protein beverage compared with an isonitrogenous protein beverage with added leucine.

Pathophysiology of severe asthma: We've only just started.

Severe asthma is defined by the high treatment requirements to partly or fully control the clinical manifestations of disease. It remains a problem worldwide with a large burden for individuals and health services. The key to improving targeted treatments, reducing disease burden and improving patient outcomes is a better understanding of the pathophysiology and mechanisms of severe disease.

Water intake reverses dehydration associated impaired executive function in healthy young women.

Introduction: Healthy women do not always consume Recommended Daily Levels of fluid intake ad libitum. We hypothesized that 1) women lose≥1.0% BW during daily activities, 2) that mild body water loss impairs memory and executive function, 3) water intake to recommended daily levels will improve cognitive function.

Methods for Expansion of Three-Dimensional Cultures of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using a Thermoresponsive Polymer.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are viewed as promising candidates for applications in regenerative medicine and therapy due to their proliferative and pluripotent properties. However, obtaining clinically significant numbers of hPSCs remains a limiting factor and impedes their use in therapeutic applications. Conventionally, hPSCs are cultured on two-dimensional surfaces coated with a suitable substrate, such as Matrigel™.