Reducing the Gap in Knowledge and Expectations between Clinicians and People with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or Adrenal Conditions: Simulation via Instant Messaging-Birmingham Advance: Patient and Public Involvement (SIMBA-PPI) Study.

Background: To evaluate the efficacy of SIMBA as an educational intervention for both HCPs and people with either PCOS or adrenal conditions and to study the change in knowledge of people with PCOS or adrenal conditions about the conditions and expectations from the HCPs involved in their  care following SIMBA-PPI sessions.

Methods: Two SIMBA-PPI sessions (SIMBA-PPI Polycystic ovary syndrome (SIMBA-PCOS) and SIMBA-PPI Adrenal conditions (SIMBA-Adrenal conditions)) were conducted in September 2021 and March 2022. In both sessions, HCPs interacted with moderators on patient management through WhatsApp.

Neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2: complexity, mechanism and associated disorders.

Background: Coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS), Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are associated with critical illnesses, including severe respiratory disorders. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the deadly COVID-19 illness, which has spread globally as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 may enter the human body through olfactory lobes and interact with the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2) receptor, further facilitating cell binding and entry into the cells.

Repurposing chia seed oil: A versatile novel functional food.

Chia seed oil (CSO) has been recently gaining tremendous interest as a functional food. The oil is rich in with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially, alpha linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), tocopherols, phenolic acids, vitamins, and antioxidants. Extracting CSO through green technologies has been highly efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable, which has also shown to improve its nutritional potential and proved to be eco-friendly than any other traditional or conventional processes.

A New Therapeutic Approach for Brain Delivery of Epigallocatechin Gallate: Development and Characterization Studies.

Background: Blood-brain permeability is the primary concern when dealing with the biodistribution of drugs to the brain in neurological diseases.

Objective: The purpose of the study is to develop the nanoformulation of Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) in order to improve its bioavailability and penetration into the brain.

Methods: EGCG loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have been developed using microemulsification method and pharmacological assessments were performed.

Geochemical and geostatistical appraisal of fluoride contamination: An insight into the Quaternary aquifer.

Fluoride (F) in groundwater poses a severe public health threat in the Dwarka River Basin (DRB) of West Bengal, India, where many cases of fluorosis have been reported. This research evaluates the spatial distribution patterns of major cations and anions, delineates zones of high F concentrations within alluvial sediments of the DRB, and identifies both the sources and the geochemical processes responsible for the release of F to groundwater. A total of 607 groundwater samples were collected from shallow and deep tube wells located within the DRB, encompassing an area of 435 km and including 211 villages.

Association of Adiponectin with Lung Function Impairment and Disease Severity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Context: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only restricted to the pulmonary inflammation and airway obstruction but is also associated with comorbidities, which affect the therapeutic intervention and the quality of life and survival. Markers that can predict the systemic inflammation and a decline in the pulmonary function are of scientific interest. Adiponectin (APN) appears to be one such biomarker and can be used as a potential indicator of severity and response to treatment in patients of COPD.

Toxicological Characterization of Exon Skipping Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers (PMOs) in Non-human Primates.

Background: Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are a class of exon skipping drugs including eteplirsen, which has shown considerable promise for treatment of the degenerative neuromuscular disease, Duchenne musculardystrophy (DMD).

Objective: Toxicity studies in non-human primates (NHPs) of 12 weeks duration with two new PMOs for DMD, SRP-4045 and SRP-4053, along with results from a chronic study in NHPs of 39 weeks duration for eteplirsen, are described here.

Methods: PMOs were administered once-weekly by bolus intravenous (IV) injections to male NHPs.

Superficial upper limb vasculature and its surgical implications.

Any kind of anatomical variation whether encountered during cadaveric dissections or routine clinical or surgical procedures needs to be reported and taken into account. This can be quite helpful in planning surgeries accordingly and avoid disastrous complications. During routine cadaveric dissection, authors found a superficial course of arteries of the arm as well as the forearm, unilaterally in one cadaver.

Antiepileptic drugs in development pipeline: A recent update.

Epilepsy is the most common neurological disorder which significantly affects the quality of life and poses a health as well as economic burden on society. Epilepsy affects approximately 70 million people in the world. The present article reviews the scientific rationale, brief pathophysiology of epilepsy and newer antiepileptic drugs which are presently under clinical development.

Cytokeratin (CK5, CK8, CK14) expression and presence of progenitor stem cells in human fetal thymuses.

The aim of the current study was to observe the expression of cytokeratins in human fetal thymuses. Specific cytokeratin markers in adult humans and mice have been well described but there has been little similar work on human fetuses. We also aimed to see whether progenitor stem cells that could be harvested to treat various immunodeficiency disorders are present in fetal thymic tissue.

Long-term effect of tobacco on unstimulated salivary pH.

Aims And Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of tobacco on salivary pH between tobacco chewers, smokers and controls.

Materials And Methods: A total of 60 subjects (males and females) aged 25-40 years, were divided equally into three groups: Tobacco smokers (Group A), chewers (Group B) and controls (Group C). Saliva of each subject was collected under resting condition.

Anatomical study of the infraorbital foramen: A basis for successful infraorbital nerve block.

Detailed knowledge of variations of the infraorbital foramen (IOF) and the establishment of a constant reference point for needle insertion are important for safe and successful regional block and for avoiding iatrogenic injury to the nerve during surgery in the midfacial region. Infraorbital foramina from 133 sides of 67 dry intact adult skulls of undetermined gender were examined for variations in shape, number, location in relation to bony landmarks, and relationship to the maxillary teeth. The angles of needle insertion in the sagittal and Frankfurt planes were determined.

Drug therapy in stroke: from preclinical to clinical studies.

Background: Stroke is one of the major challenges to health and the reason for increasing disability-adjusted life years. Despite tremendous progress in preclinical studies, none of the treatment options has proven efficacious in clinical studies. The basic aim of neuroprotection is to interfere with the events of the ischemic cascade, halt the pathological processes and prevent the death of vulnerable nerve cells in the ischemic penumbra.

Safety assessment of subconjunctivally implanted devices containing latanoprost in Dutch-belted rabbits.

Purpose: Latanoprost is used for the treatment of an increased intraocular pressure (IOP) to prevent the progression of glaucoma. Since the lack of compliance with topical ocular dosing may compromise efficacy, alternate methods of delivery are being sought. A 9-month study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of latanoprost-containing subconjunctivally implanted devices.

A rare anatomical variation of the brachial plexus: single cord anomaly.

Anatomical variations of the brachial plexus may be important in regional anesthesia and upper limb procedures. A fused single cord of the brachial plexus, although considered rare, was discovered in 4 Indian male cadavers during the dissection of 90 brachial plexuses. All 4 cases demonstrated deviation from the usual pattern starting at the division of trunks continuing to the formation of cords.

The caudal space in fetuses: an anatomical study.

Purpose: The caudal epidural space is a popular site for analgesia in pediatrics. High variation in blind needle placement is common during caudal epidurals, increasing the risk of intravascular and intrathecal spread. Knowledge of safe distances and angles for accessing the caudal epidural space in premature infants can improve the safety of caudal epidural blocks.

Anatomical considerations for safe scapular resection in snapping scapula syndrome.

Background: The resection of the superomedial angle of the scapula in snapping scapula syndrome is associated with potential risk of injury to the suprascapular nerve. The aim of the present study was to determine the distance of site of resection on the upper border of the scapula from the suprascapular notch during arthroscopic resection of the superomedial angle using standard superior Bell's and medial portals at the middle of medial border.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 92 intact dry adult scapulae of unknown sex.

Anti-amnesic effect of Ficus religiosa in scopolamine-induced anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

Context: Ficus religiosa Linn (Moraceae) is a variety of fig tree. Its figs are known to contain a high serotonergic content, and modulation of serotonergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of amnesia. Thus, the present study was envisaged.

Time of fusion of greater cornu with body of hyoid bone in Northwest Indians.

Time of fusion of hyoid is of considerable interest for forensic experts in estimating the age of an individual when unrecognized decomposed bodies or skeletal remains are available. The present investigation was carried out to study the age of fusion in 200 hyoid bones (133 males and 67 females) varying in age from 18 to 85years. Fusion of greater cornu with the body of the hyoid bone was not seen till the age of 25years in both sexes.

Anatomic consideration of caudal epidural space: a cadaver study.

The knowledge of sacral hiatus anatomy is imperative in clinical situations requiring caudal epidural block for various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of the lumbosacral spine to avoid failure and dural injury. In this study, a detailed anatomic study of the sacral region was carried out on 49 male adult Indian cadavers. Dorsal surface of sacral region was dissected to study sacral cornua, sacral hiatus, and the dimensions of triangle formed by the right and left posterosuperior iliac spines with apex of the hiatus.

Extraosseous aneurysmal bone cyst in a 12-year-old girl.

A soft-tissue aneurysmal bone cyst located on the lateral aspect of the left thigh of a 12-year-old girl is described. Conventional radiography of the thigh was normal. Sonography showed a hypoechoic mass with a feeding vessel and intralesional vascularity.

Quantitative model of Ras-phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling cross-talk based on co-operative molecular assembly.

In growth-factor-stimulated signal transduction, cell-surface receptors recruit PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases) and Ras-specific GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) to the plasma membrane, where they produce 3'-phosphorylated phosphoinositide lipids and Ras-GTP respectively. As a direct example of pathway networking, Ras-GTP also recruits and activates PI3Ks. To refine the mechanism of Ras-PI3K cross-talk and analyse its quantitative implications, we offer a theoretical model describing the assembly of complexes involving receptors, PI3K and Ras-GTP.