Efficacy and Safety of Biosimilar Ranibizumab (OPTIMAB) Innovator Ranibizumab in Patients with Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Phase III Study.

Objective: This study aimed to compare efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the biosimilar ranibizumab in comparison with the Innovator Ranibizumab in treatment-naive patients with neovascular (wet) age-related macular degeneration (nAMD or wAMD).

Materials And Methods: This comparative, double blind, multicentre, Phase III clinical study randomized eligible patients in a 3:1 ratio to receive either OPTIMAB (Alkem Laboratories Ltd./ Enzene Biosciences Ltd.

Shaping the murine macrophage phenotype: IL-4 and cyclic AMP synergistically activate the arginase I promoter.

Arginase I is a marker of murine M2 macrophages and is highly expressed in many inflammatory diseases. The basis for high arginase I expression in macrophages in vivo is incompletely understood but likely reflects integrated responses to combinations of stimuli. Our objective was to elucidate mechanisms involved in modulating arginase I induction by IL-4, the prototypical activator of M2 macrophages.

Atf1-Pcr1-M26 complex links stress-activated MAPK and cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathways via chromatin remodeling of cgs2+.

Although co-ordinate interaction between different signal transduction pathways is essential for developmental decisions, interpathway connections are often obscured and difficult to identify due to cross-talk. Here signals from the fission yeast stress-activated MAPK Spc1 are shown to regulate Cgs2, a negative regulator of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A) pathway. Pathway integration is achieved via Spc1-dependent binding of Atf1-Pcr1 heterodimer to an M26 DNA site in the cgs2+ promoter, which remodels chromatin to regulate expression of cgs2+ and targets downstream of protein kinase A.

Ovary specific immune response during Plasmodium yoelii yoelii infection in malaria vector Anopheles stephensi (Diptera:Insecta).

Innate immune related polypeptides expression during three gonotrophic cycles in the ovaries of major disease vector mosquito A. stephensi has been analyzed following infection by malaria parasite, P. yoelii yoelii.