Evaluation of Host Protein Biomarkers by ELISA From Whole Lysed Peripheral Blood for Development of Diagnostic Tests for Active Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health crisis and the number one cause of death for an infectious disease. The health consequences in high-burden countries are significant. Barriers to TB control and eradication are in part caused by difficulties in diagnosis.

Validation of Differentially Expressed Immune Biomarkers in Latent and Active Tuberculosis by Real-Time PCR.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global threat and diagnosis of active TB ((ATB) both extra-pulmonary (EPTB), pulmonary (PTB)) and latent TB (LTBI) infection remains challenging, particularly in high-burden countries which still rely heavily on conventional methods. Although molecular diagnostic methods are available, e.g.

Characteristics, outcome and risk factors for mortality of paediatric patients with ICU-acquired candidemia in India: A multicentre prospective study.

Background: The epidemiology, clinical profile and outcome of paediatric candidemia vary considerably by age, healthcare settings and prevalent Candida species. Despite these differences, few comprehensive studies are undertaken. This nationwide study addresses this knowledge gap.

Investigational approach to adenoviral conjunctivitis: comparison of three diagnostic tests using a Bayesian latent class model.

Introduction: Highly contagious adenoviral conjunctivitis represents 15-70% of all conjunctivitis worldwide. Human adenovirus (hAdV) serotypes 3,4,7,8,19 and 37 contributes to 89% of all adenoviral conjunctivitis. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of adenoviral infections at serotype level could prevent misdiagnosis, spread of disease, unnecessary antibiotic use and increased treatment costs.

Simple, rapid, and cost-effective modified Carba NP test for carbapenemase detection among Gram-negative bacteria.

Purpose: Detection of carbapenemases among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is important for both clinicians and infection control practitioners. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommends Carba NP (CNP) as confirmatory test for carbapenemase production. The reagents required for CNP test are costly and hence the test cannot be performed on a routine basis.

Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by quorum-sensing inhibitors.

Antimicrobial therapy against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa biofilms is less efficient compared to the treatment of equal bacterial counts of free-floating planktonic cells, which has become a serious threat in hospital environment. P.

Healthcare Associated Infections in a Resource Limited Setting.

Introduction: Health Care associated Infections (HAI) are the most common complications affecting the hospitalized patients. HAI are more common in developing and under developed countries. However, there are no systematic surveillance programs in these countries.

Global DNA Methylation Level among Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli.

Introduction: Fluoroquinolone resistant clinical isolates belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae is a major public health concern in India. Data analysis in JIPMER hospital revealed 10% rise in fluoroquinolone resistance within a span of three years suggestive of the possible involvement of mechanism/s other than QRDR capable of imparting fluoroquinolone resistance. DNA methylation regulates gene expression.

High incidence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae at a tertiary care hospital in Puducherry, India.

Background. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) has received considerable attention recently. Data analysis in Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (JIPMER) revealed 75% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates to be ciprofloxacin-resistant in 2012.

Serodiagnosis of Scrub Typhus at a Tertiary Care Hospital from Southern India.

Introduction: Scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease is one of the most covert emerging and re-emerging Rickettsial infections. There is an upsurge in the incidence of the disease worldwide with ever-changing habitat. Clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus is challenging as the signs and symptoms of scrub typhus are similar to other febrile illnesses.

Relationship between Antimicrobial Consumption and the Incidence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates.

Introduction: Gram negative organisms are one of the major causes of nosocomial diseases. Development of resistance to antibiotics by these organisms increases their risk in clinical treatment of patients. It also affects morbidity and mortality hence needs to be monitored and controlled.

Detection of Salmonella in Blood by PCR using iroB gene.

Background: Salmonella, a genus of more than 2500 serological variants (serovars), includes many organisms that can cause human disease. Enteric fever remains an important public health problem in developing countries. Non typhoidal Salmonella generally produce a self limited gastroenteritis in healthy individuals whereas in extremes of age and immunocompromised cause severe fatal disease.

Determination of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp.

Infections with Salmonella are an important public health problem worldwide. Salmonella are one of the most common causes of food-borne illness in humans. There are many types of Salmonella but they can be divided into two broad categories: those that cause typhoid and those that do not.

Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Vibrio cholerae, India.

Vibrio cholerae resistance to third-generation cephalosporins is rarely reported. We detected a strain that was negative for extended-spectrum β-lactamase and positive for the AmpC disk test, modified Hodge test, and EDTA disk synergy test and harbored the blaDHA-1 and blaNDM-1 genes. The antimicrobial drug susceptibility profile of V.

Risk factors and predictors of mortality in culture proven neonatal sepsis.

Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with culture-proven neonatal sepsis and identify predictors of mortality among them.

Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India over a period of 2 y. All admitted inborn and out born neonates with clinically suspected sepsis were included in the study.

Leptospirosis in a case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Leptospiral meningitis, which is an important feature of anicteric leptospirosis, is generally underdiagnosed. Serological tests are not very useful in diagnosis of leptospiral meningitis. Early detection by molecular tests such as PCR and prompt institution of therapy would be life-saving.

Neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital in South India: bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

Objective: To identify the common bacterial pathogens associated with neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was done in a tertiary care teaching hospital located in South India for a period of 2 years. All the admitted inborn and out born neonates during this study period were screened for sepsis based on the clinical features and septic screening.

Streptomyces bacteremia in a patient with actinomycotic mycetoma.

A 29-year-old woman presented with multiple painful swelling with discharging sinuses over the scalp. Histopathological examination of the biopsy tissue was suggestive of actinomycotic mycetoma. Streptomyces spp.

Clinical and serological evaluation of Leptospirosis in Puducherry, India.

Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease with a worldwide distribution. There is a paucity of available data about prevalence of this disease in Pondicherry. Our aim was to investigate the seropositivity rate of leptospirosis in suspected cases and also to identify the predominant serogroups present by performing Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT).

Immunoblot analysis of sera in uncomplicated typhoid fever & with typhoid ileal perforation.

Background & Objective: Ileal perforation is a serious complication of typhoid fever. The exact reasons for the development of perforation in only a few of those infected with Salmonella Typhi is unknown, and it is likely that immunological factors are involved. Therefore we undertook this study to compare the antibody profile in patients with uncomplicated typhoid fever with those having ileal perforation by immunoblotting.

Efficacy of intraoperative vancomycin in irrigating solutions on aqueous contamination during phacoemulsification.

Purpose: To study the efficacy of adding vancomycin in irrigating solutions, in comparison to topical antibiotic given preoperatively for a day, during phacoemulsification, in reducing the anterior chamber (AC) contamination.

Settings And Design: This was a prospective, interventional, hospital-based study.

Materials And Methods: This was a study involving 400 eyes of 400 paitens, undergoing routine phacoemulsification between January 2004 and June 2006.

A case of fatal acute pyogenic meningitis in a neonate caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Salmonella group B.

Salmonellosis constitutes an important public health problem throughout the world. In severe infections like meningitis and septicemia, antibiotic treatment is essential. Extended-spectrum cephalosporins are preferentially used to treat salmonellosis in children.

A case report and review of the literature: ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in India.

Background: Enteric fever is a major public health problem in India. The current treatment of choice is the fluoroquinolones.

Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was determined by E-test, HIMEDIA HiComb MIC test and agar dilution.