Extended Intraocular Drug-Delivery Platforms for the Treatment of Retinal and Choroidal Diseases.

To review sustained-release intraocular platforms used to treat diseases of the retina and choroid. A literature review of the current applications of biomaterials for sustained-release therapy in retinal and choroidal diseases was performed. Retinal and choroidal diseases, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetic macular edema (DME), and uveitis, are commonly treated using intravitreal (IVT) therapies that require frequent IVT injections.

Contributions of Prof. P. Venkataramaiah to the research on radiation physics and education in India.

Prof. P. Venkataramaiah (P.

The Association Between Metformin Use and New-Onset ICD Coding of Geographic Atrophy.

Purpose: Metformin has been suggested to protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in multiple observational studies. However, the association between metformin and geographic atrophy (GA), a debilitating subtype of AMD, has not been analyzed.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study of patients ages 60 years and older with new-onset International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding of GA in the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases between 2017 and 2021.

Association of metformin use with risk of newly onset neovascular age-related macular degeneration development.

Purpose: To investigate if metformin use reduces the odds of developing new neovascular AMD (nAMD).

Methods: This is a case-control study of 86,930 subjects with new diagnoses of nAMD and 86,918 matched controls using the Merative™ Marketscan® Research Databases. Subjects were analyzed using multivariable conditional logistic regression to identify the risks of various exposures on developing nAMD.

ASSOCIATION OF METFORMIN USE WITH RISK OF NEWLY ONSET NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION DEVELOPMENT.

Purpose: To investigate if metformin use reduces the odds of developing new neovascular AMD (nAMD).

Methods: This is a case-control study of 86,930 subjects with new diagnoses of nAMD and 86,918 matched control subjects using the Merative Marketscan Research Databases. Subjects were analyzed using multivariable conditional logistic regression to identify the risks of various exposures on developing nAMD.

Stakeholder Priorities for ART Initiation and Early Retention Interventions in Malawi: A Qualitative Study Comparing International and National Perspectives.

Background: New or returning ART clients are often ineligible for differentiated service delivery (DSD) models, though they are at increased risk of treatment interruption and may benefit greatly from flexible care models. Stakeholder support may limit progress on development and scale-up of interventions for this population. We qualitatively explored stakeholder perceptions of and decision-making criteria regarding DSD models for new or returning ART clients in Malawi.

Metformin Use and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients Without Diabetes.

Importance: Metformin use may protect against the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on results from observational studies. However, its potential effectiveness among patients without diabetes remains unclear.

Objective: To assess the association between metformin use and the development of AMD in patients without diabetes.

INTERACTIONS OF METFORMIN AND OTHER MEDICATIONS IN REDUCING THE ODDS OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION IN A COHORT OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES.

Purpose: A previous study from our group demonstrated protective effects of the use of metformin in the odds of developing age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This is a subgroup analysis in a cohort of patients with diabetes to assess the interaction of metformin and other medications in protecting diabetic patients against developing AMD.

Methods: This is a case-control analysis using data from the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare databases.

Association of Metformin and Other Diabetes Medication Use and the Development of New-Onset Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study.

Purpose: To investigate if metformin use is associated with decreased odds of developing new non-neovascular ("dry") age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Case-control study examining 194,135 cases with diagnoses of new-onset AMD between 2008 and 2017 and 193,990 matched controls in the Merative MarketScan Research Databases. The diabetic subgroup included 49,988 cases and 49,460 controls.

Strategies to improve antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and early engagement among men in sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review of interventions in the era of universal treatment.

Objectives: Men in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have lower rates of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and higher rates of early default than women. Little is known about effective interventions to improve men's outcomes. We conducted a scoping review of interventions aimed to increase ART initiation and/or early retention among men in SSA since universal treatment policies were implemented.

Review on the Safety and Efficacy of Brolucizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration From Major Studies and Real-World Data.

Frequent antivascular endothelial growth factor injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) often lead to poor compliance and suboptimal outcomes. A longer-acting agent has been a pressing unmet need until recently. Brolucizumab, an antivascular endothelial growth factor agent, is a single-chain antibody fragment approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on October 8, 2019, for treating nAMD.

The 0.19-mg Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: An Expert Consensus.

Background And Objective: To better understand the level of agreement among retina specialists on the role of inflammation in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME), and the use of 0.19-mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc) implant in DME treatment, a consensus survey was drafted and disseminated to retina specialists across the United States.

Materials And Methods: Using the modified Delphi method, a list of 12 consensus statements were generated by the coauthors based on short-answer responses to an initial survey.

A novel, extreme low-cost poly (Erythrosine) modified pencil graphite electrode for determination of Adrenaline.

A simple, novel, and less cost yellow (Erythrosine) modified pencil graphite electrode (Po-ERY/MGPE) was successfully fabricated via electropolymerization method using cyclic voltammetric techniques. The fabricated Po-ERY/MGPE opted as a sensor for the detection of Adrenaline (ADR) in 0.2 M PBS (7.

Effect of TX-100 pretreatment on carbon paste electrode for selective sensing of dopamine in presence of paracetamol.

Dopamine (DA) is one of the chief neurotransmitters present in the central nervous system of mammals. Therefore detection of DA in presence of various analytes like paracetamol has great importance. In the current work, we are proposing that Triton X-100 (TX-100) pretreated carbon paste electrode (CPE) can be useful to detect the DA selectively in presence of PA.

Update on Current Microbiological Techniques for Pathogen Identification in Infectious Endophthalmitis.

Infectious endophthalmitis is a vision-threatening medical emergency that requires prompt clinical diagnosis and the initiation of treatment. However, achieving precision in endophthalmitis management remains challenging. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent studies that are representative of the current trends in clinical microbiological techniques for infectious endophthalmitis.