Microsurgical technique for augmentation of the interdental papilla: three case reports.

The loss of interdental papillae as the result of trauma or inflammatory periodontal disease creates a significant challenge in the esthetic zone. Conventional surgical techniques are unpredictable because of small working spaces and limited blood supply to the area. Vertical releasing incisions can further jeopardize vascular channels and leave unattractive scarring upon healing.

Interdental papilla reconstruction combining periodontal and orthodontic therapy in adult periodontal patients: a case report.

Migration of maxillary anterior teeth because of the loss of periodontal support can alter the appearance of the esthetic zone. The loss of contacts between adjacent teeth results in the recession of interdental papillae. To restore sustainable periodontal health and the normal, esthetic appearance of a healthy 37-year-old woman with generalized advanced chronic periodontitis in the maxillary arch, a combined periodontal and orthodontic technique was used.

Esthetic periodontal considerations in orthodontic treatment--the management of excessive gingival display.

This paper examines various esthetic periodontal considerations during orthodontic treatment. The management of excessive gingival display caused by altered passive eruption is reviewed, with emphasis on causes, recognition, diagnosis and surgical management of this problem. A case of orthodontic treatment of excessive gingival display associated with altered passive eruption of the maxillary incisors is reviewed to demonstrate appropriate management.