Weathered polyethylene microplastics induced immunomodulation in zebrafish.

Microplastics are pollutants of emerging concern and the aquatic biota consumes microplastics (MPs), which has a range of toxicological and environmental effects on aquatic organisms that are not the intended targets. The current study looked into how weathered polyethylene (wPE) MPs affected Danio albolineatus immunological and haematological markers. In this experiment, fish of both sexes were placed in control and exposure groups, and they were exposed for 40 d at the sublethal level (1 μg L) of fragmented wPE, which contained 1074 ± 52 MPs per litre.

Effect of microfibers induced toxicity in marine sedentary polychaete Hydroides elegans: Insight from embryogenesis axis.

Presence of surgical face masks in the environment are more than ever before after the COVID-19 pandemic, and it poses a newer threat to aquatic habitats around the world due to microfibers (MFs) and other contaminants that get discharged when these masks deteriorate. The mechanism behind the developmental toxicity of MFs, especially released from surgical masks, on the early life stages of aquatic organisms are not well understood. Toxicity test were developed to examine the effects of MFs released from surgical facemask upon deterioration using the early gametes and early life stages of marine sedentary polychaete Hydroides elegans.

Microplastic contamination in commercial fish species in southern coastal region of India.

Due to its potential impact on food safety and human health, commercial species that have been contaminated with microplastics (MPs) are drawing more attention on a global scale. This study investigated the possibility of MPs contamination in different marine fish species with substantial commercial value that was captured off the south coast of India, from Adyar and Ennore regions. Over the course of six months, from October 2019 to March 2020, 220 fish were examined.

Comparative study of 17 β-estradiol on endocrine disruption and biotransformation in fingerlings and juveniles of Japanese sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus.

Estrogenic contaminants in the aquatic environment are associated with endocrine disruption and feminization in fish. The effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on fish have been well documented. However, very few studies have focused on 17 β-estradiol (E2) and its effects on endocrine system and biotransformation in a single prolonged exposure.

Modulation of immune-associated parameters and antioxidant responses in the crab (Scylla serrata) exposed to mercury.

Organic and inorganic contaminants can suppress immune function in molluscs and crustaceans. It was postulated that metals could modulate immune function in marine crabs. To test this hypothesis, sublethal effects of mercury (Hg) on cellular immune and biochemical responses of crabs were determined.

Benzo[a]pyrene modulation of acute immunologic responses in Red Sea bream pretreated with lipopolysaccharide.

The effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been reported to modulate the immune response in aquatic animals, but the collected information of their effects on fish immunity is so far ambiguous. This study demonstrated that Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) exposure altered the expression pattern of an antimicrobial peptide hepcidin (PM-hepc) gene and the activities of some immune-associated parameters in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged red sea bream (Pagrus major). It was observed that LPS could increase respiratory burst, lysozyme and antibacterial activity in P.

Modulation and Interaction of Immune-Associated Parameters with Antioxidant in the Immunocytes of Crab Scylla paramamosain Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides.

Invertebrates are dependent on cellular and humoral immune defences against microbial infection. Scylla paramamosain is an important commercial species, but the fundamental knowledge on its immune defense related to the antioxidant and immune-associated reactions is still lacking. The study was to differentiate the responses of immune-associated parameters of haemolymph components in S.

Biochemical responses and DNA damage in red sea bream from coastal Fujian Province, China.

Relationships between measures of oxidative stress and adaptive antioxidant defenses were studied in red sea bream (Pagrus major, RSB) caged at eight locations along the Fujian coast, China. Oxidative damage in tissues was investigated by measuring concentrations of protein carbonyl (CP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation (LPO), acetyl cholinesterase activity (AChE), concentration of thiol groups and activities of enzymes associated with antioxidant defense. Magnitudes of antioxidant defense parameters were significantly, positively correlated with oxidative stress.

17β estradiol induced ROS generation, DNA damage and enzymatic responses in the hepatic tissue of Japanese sea bass.

The importance of endocrine disrupting chemicals and their effects on fish has been documented in recent years. However, little is known about whether the estrogenic compound 17β estradiol (E2) causes oxidative stress in the hepatic tissue of fish. Therefore, this work tested the hypothesis that E2 might cause oxidative stress in the Japanese sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus liver.

Effect of 17beta-estradiol on the immunocompetence of Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus).

Environmental contaminants can interfere with hormonal regulation in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and these contaminants may disrupt the endocrine system of human and other organisms. Evidence is growing that contaminants may be partly responsible for the observed increase of disease in marine organisms by adversely affecting their immunity. Fish are commonly used as sentinel organisms in vertebrate immunotoxicology; however, to date, studies have been undertaken only on a single size group of fish (juvenile/adult) and for acute exposure.

Immunomodulation in the marine gastropod Haliotis diversicolor exposed to benzo(a)pyrene.

It has been reported that environmental pollutants in the aquatic ecosystem could weaken immune competence of organisms. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] on immunomodulation in marine gastropods and to see if these effects are caused by or related to the generation of reactive oxygen species. In our present study, the marine gastropod Haliotis diversicolor was exposed to sublethal concentrations (0.