In Situ Generation of Porous Ag-Hollandite/Polypyrrole 2D Mats at the Water/Chloroform Interface for Dual Applications in Energy Storage and Electrochemical Sensing.

A facile in situ method of the liquid/liquid (L/L) polymerization strategy for synthesizing silver-doped hollandite manganese oxide (Ag-HMO) on polypyrrole (PPy) support is reported for the first time. The highly innovative synthetic method involves producing α-MnO attached to PPy oligomers under low-temperature conditions. Subsequently, Ag ions are in situ intercalated into the 2 × 2 tunnels in α-MnO to generate Ag-HMO-incorporated PPy.

Human breast milk-derived exosomes attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced activation in microglia.

Microglia mediate the immune response in the central nervous system to many insults, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin that initiates neuroinflammation in the neonatal population, especially preterm infants. The synthesis of the proinflammatory proteins CD40 and NLRP3 depends on the canonical NF-κB cascade as the genes encoding CD40 and NLRP3 are transcribed by the phosphorylated NF-κB p50/p65 heterodimer in LPS-induced microglia. Exosomes, which are nanosized vesicles (40-150 nm) involved in intercellular communication, are implicated in many pathophysiological processes.

THE PROMISE OF INVESTIGATING NEURAL VARIABILITY IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS.

The synergy of psychiatry and neuroscience has recently sought to identify biomarkers that can diagnose mental health disorders, predict their progression, and forecast treatment efficacy. However, biomarkers have achieved limited success to date, potentially due to a narrow focus on specific aspects of brain signals. This highlights a critical need for methodologies that can fully exploit the potential of neuroscience to transform psychiatric practice.

Structural studies on the interaction of CTAB with alginate: Possibility of surfactant therapy with chemo sensitization effect.

The present study reports the preparation of sodium alginate-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) nanoparticles (SANPs) through the interaction of a fixed concentration of alginate (0.2% w/v in water) with two different concentrations of CTAB i.e.

Multigenerational immunotoxicity assessment: A three-generation study in Drosophila melanogaster upon developmental exposure to triclosan.

Triclosan (TCS) is widely used as an antibacterial agent, nevertheless, its presence in different environmental matrices and its persistent environmental nature pose a significant threat to the organism, including humans. Numerous studies showed that TCS exposure could lead to multiple toxicities, including immune dysfunction. However, whether parental TCS exposure could impair the offspring's immune response remains limited.

Combined effect of mercury and ammonia toxicity and its mitigation through selenium nanoparticles in fish.

An experiment was conducted to mitigate mercury and ammonia toxicity (Hg + NH₃) in Oreochromis niloticus (GIFT strain) using selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs). The Se-NPs were synthesized using green methods, employing fish waste as the substrate. Experimental diets were prepared by supplementing Se-NPs at 0, 0.

Vertical concentration gradients of soluble surfactants in the rupture of thin liquid films.

Hypothesis: Surfactant-laden thin liquid films can rupture due to van der Waals forces, and being able to accurately predict the rupture time is important for applications involving coatings, foams, and emulsions. A common simplification in modeling film rupture is to assume that diffusion along the film thickness is so rapid that the surfactant concentration can be replaced by an averaged value. However, we hypothesize that vertical concentration gradients can develop as a result of surfactant adsorption at the interface, potentially rendering the vertical-averaging (VA) approximation inaccurate under certain conditions.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel quinoline carboxylic acid based styryl/alkyne hybrid molecule as a potent anti-adipogenic and antidyslipidemic agent via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Obesity has emerged as the root cause for various metabolic disorders worldwide and hence demands for urgent attention. In the same stride, a series of quinoline carboxylic acid-based styryl/alkyne hybrids were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-adipogenic activity. Based on the structure-activity relationship, functional groups and essential substituents to potentiate the anti-adipogenic activity were identified.

Ylide-Induced Ring Contraction of Coumarins to Benzofurans: Applications to the Synthesis of -Heterocycles.

We report an unusual ring contraction of 4-chlorocoumarin to benzofuranoyl sulfoxonium ylides using a Corey-ylide. These stabilized ylides were subsequently utilized for the synthesis of various valuable -heterocycles under both metal and metal-free conditions. The synthetic utility of this method is illustrated through the synthesis of known bioactive compounds.

Anti-tumor potential of Harmine and its derivatives: recent trends and advancements.

Harmine is a β-carboline alkaloid derived from Peganum harmala, showing a solid antitumor potential in different types of human cancer cells. Unfortunately, the clinical application of this natural alkaloid has been impeded till now by severe toxic side effects, especially neurotoxicity, besides its poor water solubility. Therefore, over the recent years, several semisynthetic derivatives of harmine have been prepared and studied concerning their abilities to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion in diverse preclinical models.

Photo-Physical, Optical and Antimicrobial Properties of Eu(III) Complexes with TPB by Using Different Auxiliary Ligands.

A series of four bright red Eu(III) complexes are reported here, with the general formula [Eu(L).auxiliary] where L is 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (TPB) whereas auxiliary ligands are the N-donor heterocyclic aromatic systems. The solution precipitation method was used to synthesize these complexes, and Elemental analysis, EDAX, TEM, XRD, UV, FTIR, NMR, and SEM techniques were used for characterization.

Analysing efficacy of low-dose oral minoxidil, topical minoxidil, and platelet-rich plasma with topical minoxidil combination in patients with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized controlled observer blinded trial.

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is commonly treated with topical minoxidil, while platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and oral minoxidil offer alternative options. To compare the efficacy and safety of low-dose oral minoxidil (group 1) (G1), topical minoxidil (group 2) (G2), and PRP with topical minoxidil (group 3) (G3) in AGA. Seventy-five participants were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (n = 25),.

Toxicity of anthracene on marine organisms and development of seawater quality criteria.

The presence of anthracene (ANT) in coastal waters is increasingly being reported and profoundly impacts the marine biota. However, toxicity data for ANT on marine organisms are scarce to develop numerical water quality criteria to protect marine life. Therefore, for the first time, this study derived the seawater quality criteria (SWQC) of ANT are based on the toxicity values of five marine organisms.

Colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis in neonates and infants: an alarming crisis in an Indian NICU.

Emergence of multidrug-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to limited number of antimicrobial options for treatment. Even though outbreaks of colistin-carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CCRKp) are evolving, reported literature is scarce.

Potential role of NSAIDs loaded nano-formulations to treat inflammatory diseases.

Inflammation is a necessary immunological response that promotes survival and preserves tissue homeostasis, a common characteristic linked to various diseases. However, in some circumstances, the inflammatory response is deleterious and contributes to disease pathogenesis. Anti-inflammatory substances have poor affinity for inflamed tissues, resulting in low concentrations in the target tissue and a higher incidence of severe adverse effects.

Improving medical machine learning models with generative balancing for equity and excellence.

Applying machine learning to clinical outcome prediction is challenging due to imbalanced datasets and sensitive tasks that contain rare yet critical outcomes and where equitable treatment across diverse patient groups is essential. Despite attempts, biases in predictions persist, driven by disparities in representation and exacerbated by the scarcity of positive labels, perpetuating health inequities. This paper introduces FairPlay, a synthetic data generation approach leveraging large language models, to address these issues.

Frontiers in superbug management: innovating approaches to combat antimicrobial resistance.

Anti-microbial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue causing significant mortality and economic burden. Pharmaceutical companies' discontinuation of research hinders new agents, while MDR pathogens or "superbugs" worsen the problem. Superbugs pose a threat to common infections and medical procedures, exacerbated by limited antibiotic development and rapid antibiotic resistance.

Sustained Improvement in Health-Related Quality of Life in Transplant-Ineligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma Treated With Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone: MAIA Final Analysis of Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Objectives: This final post hoc analysis evaluated patient-reported outcomes from the Phase 3 MAIA study of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (D-Rd) versus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (Rd) after median 64.5-month follow-up in transplant-ineligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM), including patient subgroups.

Methods: Key scales from the EORTC QLQ-C30 (global health status [GHS], physical functioning, pain, and fatigue) were assessed.

Updates in the Role of Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in Radiation Oncology in Gastrointestinal Malignancies.

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) plays a critical role in managing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers within radiation oncology. It enhances tumor detection, staging, and lymph node involvement assessment, leading to better-targeted radiation treatment. PET/CT also aids in delineating tumor volumes to minimize geographic misses, enabling precise dose escalation to metabolically active regions.

An Expert Consensus of Acceptable Scholarly Activities in Emergency Medicine Residency Training Programs.

Background: Scholarly activity (SA) has been interpreted inconsistently between allopathic and osteopathic emergency medicine programs, but the acceptable methods to achieve this requirement must be re-evaluated, particularly in the light of the merger of allopathic and osteopathic programs to form the Single Accreditation System. This paper describes the results of inquiry from a series of meetings of the Research, Scholarly Activity, and Innovation section of the American College of Emergency Physicians.

Objective: This study aimed to describe differences between allopathic and osteopathic emergency medicine programs and their SA requirements.

Prospects for the convergence of polyphenols with pharmaceutical drugs in type 2 diabetes: Challenges, risks, and strategies.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease that can lead to a variety of life-threatening secondary health conditions. Current treatment strategies primarily revolve around tight glucose control, which is difficult to achieve and often turns out to be dangerous because of possible hypoglycemic events. Numerous long-term studies have demonstrated that complex pathways, including low-grade inflammation due to fluctuating glucose levels, are involved in the progression of the disease and the development of secondary health conditions.

Antiepileptic drugs carbamazepine and valproic acid mediate transcriptional activation of CYP1A1 via aryl hydrocarbon receptor and regulation of estrogen metabolism.

Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) actively catalyzes estrogen hydroxylation reactions and maintains the levels of neuroactive steroid estradiol. The widely prescribed first-line anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are considered to be a potent inducer of CYP1A1 and have also been observed to affect serum estradiol and calcium levels in patients with epilepsy. However, the ability of AEDs to interfere with CYP enzyme function and estrogen disposition is a relatively unexplored area.

Antimicrobial peptides in Clarias batrachus epidermal mucus: Characterization and therapeutic potential.

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated global antibiotic usage, contributing to the rise of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Fish, as key players in aquatic ecosystems, have evolved unique defense mechanisms, including the secretion of antimicrobial compounds in their epidermal mucus, these antimicrobials could be used to treat antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. This study investigates the antimicrobial potential of acidic extracts from the epidermal mucus of Clarias batrachus against clinically significant pathogens.