Efficacy and safety of elobixibat in patients with chronic constipation-A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study from India.

Background: Elobixibat is a locally acting ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor that relieves functional constipation in patients by accelerating colonic transit. In this study, we aimed at determining the efficacy and safety of elobixibat for short-term treatment (two weeks) of chronic constipation in Indian patients.

Methods: The present study was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase III study to evaluate efficacy and safety of elobixibat.

Identification of CXCR4 inhibitory activity in natural compounds using cheminformatics-guided machine learning algorithms.

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterised by progressive damage to neurons that leads to cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction. Current treatment options focus only on symptom management and palliative care, without addressing their root cause. In our previous study, we reported the upregulation of the CXC motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), in Alzheimer's disease (ad) and Parkinson's disease (PD).

Development and evaluation of an online training program for palliative care in India.

Background: Palliative care training at the undergraduate level is poor in India. With the need for palliative care rising in India and globally, it is possible to train physicians in resource-limited settings in palliative care via online training programs owing to ease of access and convenience. However, there is limited evidence available from India on the development and implementation of such a training program.

Central vein stenosis- prevalence, clinical characteristics, outcome and its impact on dialysis access.

Central vein stenosis (CVS) is a complication primarily affecting chronic hemodialysis patients, frequently resulting in vascular access dysfunction and decreased dialysis efficacy. While CVS has a variable mortality rate, its impact on dialysis access is profound, including arm edema, facial swelling, and venous hypertension. We describe the prevalence, clinical presentation, and treatment outcomes of CVS for vascular access in hemodialysis patients.

Catering the Need of Drug Manufacturing Standard in India: An Update to Indian Pharmacopoeia.

India is currently among the top 10 pharmaceutical markets by value and is the third largest by volume in 2024; it manufactures more than 65,000 generic drugs across 60 therapeutic segments. Holding a 20% market share of generics, the industry is a key supplier to Africa and the USA and other markets. Following the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940, for the manufacture of drugs in India, there is always legal supervision on the quality of the products being manufactured in the country.

Personalized dose selection platform for patients with solid tumors in the PRECISE CURATE.AI feasibility trial.

In oncology, the conventional reliance on the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) strategy for chemotherapy may not optimize treatment outcomes for individual patients. CURATE.AI is an AI-derived platform that utilizes a patient's own, small dataset to dynamically personalize only their own dose recommendations.

Minimising morbidity in neck dissection: Avoiding routine carotid sheath removal in N0 and N+ necks without any evidence of clinical extranodal extension.

The necessity of routine carotid sheath removal during neck dissections for head and neck carcinomas, particularly in clinically N0 and N+ necks without extranodal extension (ENE), remains debatable. This prospective study aimed to document the incidence of pathological involvement of the carotid sheath in such cases. A total of 121 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma underwent neck dissections with the carotid sheath left intact unless infiltration was suspected.

Alkali Cation Inhibition of Imidazolium-Mediated Electrochemical CO Reduction on Silver.

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids have led to enhanced CO electroreduction activity due to cation effects at the cathode surface, stabilizing the reaction intermediates and decreasing the activation energy. In aqueous media, alkali cations are also known to improve CO reduction activity on metals such as Ag, with the enhancement attributed to electrical double layer effects and trending with the size of the alkali cation. However, the effect of a mixed catholyte solution of alkali cations in the presence of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid has not been well-explored.

Emerging concepts in the molecular cell biology and functions of mammalian erythrocytes.

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), are essential components of vertebrate blood, comprising approximately 45% of human blood volume. Their distinctive features, including small size, biconcave shape, extended lifespan (∼115 days), and lack of a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, make them unique among mammalian cell types. Traditionally regarded as passive carriers of oxygen and carbon dioxide, erythrocytes were long thought to function merely as hemoglobin (Hb)-filled sacs, incapable of gene expression or roles beyond gas transport.

Investigating the antidepressant effects of amantadine combined with amitriptyline in a chronic unpredictable mild stress model in mice.

Amantadine, an N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist traditionally used as an antiviral drug, was investigated for its potential antidepressant effect in combination with amitriptyline, a well-established tricyclic antidepressant, in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) animal model of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of this drug combination in alleviating depression-like symptoms. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Forced Swim Test, Tail Suspension Test, Actophotometer test, and Sucrose Preference Test to measure depressive effect.

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy for the Management of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Valuable Resource for the Endoscopist's Toolbox.

Background And Study Aims: Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy (EVT) is a well-established method for managing gastrointestinal perforations. During the COVID epidemic, case reports demonstrated the effective use of EVT in controlling COVID related diffuse duodenal bleeding. Due to its unique mechanism of action, this approach may also be effective for other types of Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (NVUGIB).

Automated Detection of Reduced Ejection Fraction Using an ECG-Enabled Digital Stethoscope: A Large Cohort Validation.

Background: Asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ALVSD) affects 7 million globally, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment, high mortality, and substantial downstream health care costs. Current detection methods for ALVSD are inadequate, necessitating the development of improved diagnostic tools. Recently, electrocardiogram-based algorithms have shown promise in detecting ALVSD.

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) increase time to operating room without increasing postoperative hematologic complications in patients with fragility fractures of the proximal femur.

Introduction: Fragility fractures of the proximal femur are common injuries with significant morbidity and mortality. The use of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) medications is increasing among the elderly and is associated with perioperative bleeding-related complications. The primary aim of this study was to examine how DOAC use affects surgical timing and postoperative hematologic complications in patients treated operatively for fragility fractures of the proximal femur.

An improved feature extraction algorithm for robust Swin Transformer model in high-dimensional medical image analysis.

The Swin Transformer is recently developed transformer architecture with promising results in various computer vision tasks. Medical image analysis is a complex and critical task that requires high dimensional feature extraction. The significant challenge in medical image analysis is the limited availability of annotated data for training.

Phytochemical Analysis, Cytotoxic Evaluation, and In Silico Screening of Metabolites From Dysoxylum malabaricum Bedd.

Dysoxylum malabaricum is well-known as a folklore herb. It is extensively utilized in traditional medicine to address various ailments. The study investigated the phytochemicals of D.

Real-time visualization reveals Mycobacteriumtuberculosis ESAT-6 disrupts phagosome-like compartment via fibril-mediated vesiculation.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) evades host defense by hijacking and rupturing the phagosome. ESAT-6, a secreted virulence protein of Mtb, is known to be critical for phagosome rupture. However, the mechanism of ESAT-6-mediated disruption of the phagosomal membrane remains unknown.

Capacitive Biosensor for Rapid Detection of Avian (H5N1) Influenza and in Aerosols.

Airborne transmission via aerosols is a dominant route for the transmission of respiratory pathogens, including avian H5N1 influenza A virus and bacteria. Rapid and direct detection of respiratory pathogen aerosols has been a long-standing technical challenge. Herein, we develop a novel label-free capacitive biosensor using an interlocked Prussian blue (PB)/graphene oxide (GO) network on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for direct detection of avian H5N1 and .

Phenotypic clustering in tuberous sclerosis complex reveals four distinct disease trajectories.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a phenotypically heterogeneous autosomal dominant epilepsy, neuropsychiatric, and tumoral predisposition disease, occurring due to germline variants in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Despite an improving understanding of the varied phenotypes TSC may present with, there remains an incomplete understanding of the disease trajectory and genotype-phenotype relationship in this disorder. We sought to examine whether an unbiased clustering approach could uncover subgroups of disease trajectories in TSC and enhance understanding of genotype-phenotype correlation.

Volumetric imaging of the 3D orientation of cellular structures with a polarized fluorescence light-sheet microscope.

Polarized fluorescence microscopy is a valuable tool for measuring molecular orientations in biological samples, but techniques for recovering three-dimensional orientations and positions of fluorescent ensembles are limited. We report a polarized dual-view light-sheet system for determining the diffraction-limited three-dimensional distribution of the orientations and positions of ensembles of fluorescent dipoles that label biological structures. We share a set of visualization, histogram, and profiling tools for interpreting these positions and orientations.

Evaluation of the techno-functional properties of lactobacilli strains originated from Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis calves for probiotic potential.

The current study was undertaken to isolate, characterize, and cluster lactobacilli strains of indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) and buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calf origin to develop a species-specific multistrain potential probiotic adjunct. Bacterial strains were isolated from the feces of Bos indicus and Bubalus bubalis calves of different breeds, i.e.

Rubber Crumb Infill in Synthetic Turf and Health Outcomes: A Review of the Literature on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Metalloids.

Synthetic turf has become a popular alternative to natural grass due to low upkeep costs; however, its health impacts have not been clearly elucidated. This review examines and consolidates the existing literature on rubber crumb in infill in synthetic turf and its associated adverse health outcomes, along with recommendations for future research. A database search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar of studies on exposures to rubber crumb in infills in synthetic turf.

Development of a Core Critical Care Data Dictionary With Common Data Elements to Characterize Critical Illness and Injuries Using a Modified Delphi Method.

Objectives: To develop the first core Critical Care Data Dictionary (C2D2) with common data elements (CDEs) to characterize critical illness and injuries.

Design: Group consensus process using modified Delphi approach.

Setting: Electronic surveys and in-person meetings.