Hyperammonemia induces programmed liver cell death.

Hyperammonemia is common in liver cirrhosis and causally associated with hepatic encephalopathy development. Little is known about its hepatotoxic effects, which we aimed to characterize in this study. In a mouse model of chronic hyperammonemia without preexisting liver disease, we observed development of liver fibrogenesis and necroptotic cell death.

Visible Light-Induced Energy Transfer Mediated Regioselective C-3 Thiolation of Imidazoheterocycles using Bunte Salts.

An external-photocatalyst-free visible light-induced regioselective C-3 sulfenylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using Bunte salts has been accomplished via C(sp2)-H functionalization. This protocol allows the coupling of a wide range of imidazoheterocycles with alkyl-, benzyl-, and aryl Bunte salts under ambient air as the sole oxidant. The radical scavenging, UV-visible spectroscopic studies, and Stern‒Volmer experiments revealed that the reaction occurs through energy transfer followed by a radical SET pathway.

Protocol for designing a peptide-based multi-epitope vaccine targeting monkeypox using reverse vaccine technology.

Reverse vaccine technology, supported by advancements in immunoinformatics, facilitates the development of multi-epitope vaccines for rapidly evolving pathogens, thereby strengthening the immune defense. Here, we present a protocol for a peptide-based multi-epitope vaccine targeting monkeypox virus (MPXV) using an open-source approach. We describe steps for evaluating physicochemical properties and allergenicity.

Echocardiographic Assessment of Structure and Function of Left Ventricle in Chronic Kidney Disease Along with its Determinants in a Tertiary Healthcare Center in Tribal Region of Jharkhand.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex pathophysiologic process that leads to irreversible changes in kidney structure and function. The left ventricle (LV) remodeling, which is evident as LV hypertrophy (LVH) is highly prevalent in patients with CKD even in the early stages and has a strong association with cardiovascular mortality, multiple studies have suggested that there is a strong association between high albuminuria and LVH, which was found to be independent of low GFR, hypertension, and diabetes. The most commonly used noninvasive method for estimating cardiac function and size is 2D echocardiography.

Safety of Rapid Intermittent Bolus versus Slow Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline for Managing Symptomatic Severe Hyponatremia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aims: Three percent hypertonic saline (3NS) is an established treatment for severe hyponatremia. The optimal regimen for administering 3NS for severe hyponatremia, with the aim to minimize side effects is not known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety profile of rapid intermittent bolus (RIB) versus slow continuous infusion (SCI) of 3NS for managing symptomatic severe hyponatremia.

Prevalence and Genetic Profiling of Second-line Drug Resistant Tuberculosis at the Tertiary Care Center of Northern India.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) complicates control efforts. We investigated the prevalence and genetic patterns of pre-XDR and XDRTB, by employing second-line line probe assays (SL-LPA). This prospective cohort study was conducted at the Intermediate Reference Laboratory, from November 2023 to May 2024.

Fluorescent aptasensor for detection of Salmonella typhimurium using boric acid-functionalized terbium metal-organic framework and magnetic nanoparticles.

A fluorescent detection platform was designed using boric acid-functionalized terbium metal-organic framework (BA-Tb-MOF) and carboxyl-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to identify Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) bacteria. Firstly, carboxyl-modified FeOMNPs were coated with specific aptamer (Apt-MNPs) as the capture probe for S.

Harnessing the Power of Bacteriocins: A Comprehensive Review on Sources, Mechanisms, and Applications in Food Preservation and Safety.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize the importance of food safety, prolonged shelf life, and reduced food waste, all of which rely on effective food preservation methods. Bacteriocins, natural antimicrobial substances produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB), have potential applications in food preservation. This review highlights the role of LAB-derived bacteriocins in preserving food.

Workshop Report-Heterogeneity and Successful Aging Part I: Heterogeneity in Aging-Challenges and Opportunities.

Historically, aging research has focused primarily on the study of differences in means of varied measures obtained at different ages. However, growing evidence has shown that for many parameters, variability in measurements obtained both between- and within-age groups increases with aging. Moreover, growing heterogeneity may become especially apparent when examined via longitudinal as opposed to cross-sectional aging data.

Formulation and Characterization of Etoricoxib Suppositories for the Management of Hemorrhoids.

Objectives: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate etoricoxib suppositories to improve patient compliance and drug efficacy in the management of hemorrhoids.

Materials And Methods: Suppositories were prepared using glycerin and gelatin. The prepared suppositories were evaluated for content uniformity, homogenization, hardness, weight variation, disintegration time, texture analysis, and drug release.

Synthesis and characterization of triazole-functionalized mixed-valent Si(I)-Si(III) and bis(germylene) compounds.

The synthesis of mixed-valent main-group compounds is a challenging goal that has attracted significant interest recently. The reaction of 1-(2-bromophenyl)-4-phenyl-1-1,2,3-triazole with BuLi, followed by treatment with [(PhC(BuN)SiCl)], yielded a rare Si(I)-Si(III) compound (1), whereas treatment with [(PhC(BuN)GeCl)] produced a bis(germylene) compound (2).

Structural insights, regulation, and recent advances of RAS inhibitors in the MAPK signaling cascade: a medicinal chemistry perspective.

The MAPK pathway has four main components: RAS, RAF, MEK, and ERK. Among these, RAS is the most frequently mutated protein and the leading cause of cancer. The three isoforms of the RAS gene are HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS.

Comparison of vascular complications between external iliac and internal iliac artery anastomosis of the donor renal artery in renal transplant recipients.

Introduction: The arterial anastomosis in renal transplantation is done either end-to-end to the internal iliac artery (IIA) or end-to-side to the external iliac artery (EIA). This retrospective study is to compare the vascular complications of these two techniques occurring in the immediate postoperative period.

Materials And Methods: The data of 111 patients who underwent renal transplantation (live and deceased) were collected from the hospital records.

Exploring molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria and progressions in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome expurgation solutions.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a critical global health challenge, driven by molecular mechanisms such as genetic mutations, efflux pumps, enzymatic degradation of antibiotics, target site modifications, and biofilm formation. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) further accelerates the spread of resistance genes across bacterial populations. These mechanisms contribute to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, rendering conventional antibiotics ineffective.

Internal hernia as a rare cause of small bowel obstruction: An insight from 13 years of experience.

Background: Internal hernia (IH) is a rare culprit of small bowel obstruction (SBO) with an incidence of < 1%. It poses a considerable diagnostic challenge requiring a high index of suspicion to prevent misdiagnosis, improper treatment, and subsequent morbidity and mortality.

Aim: To determine the clinico-demographic profile, radiological and operative findings, and postoperative course of patients with IH and its association with SBO.

The Canadian Coalition for Seniors' Mental Health Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Assessing and Managing Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD).

In Canada, approximately 730,000 people are currently living with dementia. Over 75% will experience behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). There is a lack of consensus on best practices for the assessment and management of BPSD.

Overcoming aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance in by targeting Eis protein.

Tuberculosis (TB), a major global health concern, even after significant advancements in diagnosis and treatment, causing millions of deaths annually and severely impacting the healthcare systems of developing nations. Moreover, the rise of drug-resistant strains further diminishes the efforts made to control the infection and to overcome this scenario, highly effective drugs are required. Identifying new therapeutic uses of existing drugs through drug repurposing can significantly shorten the time and cost.

Characterizing diverse maize varieties under organic cultivation: phenotypic, yield, and canopy data from VIT Vellore.

Maize is an important food source standing first in production around the world. It has become an essential raw material in most of the food processing industries and is extensively cultivated for its post-harvest by-products. So, it is necessary to develop genotypes adapted to varied climate and soil conditions favoring its productivity.

Cancer Immunotherapies: Navigating the Immune Landscape.

Biotechnology has paved the way for the development of cancer therapeutics that harness biological systems. Cancer immunotherapy (CI) is a pivotal and swiftly progressing therapeutic modality, alongside surgical intervention, cytotoxic chemo-therapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy. Therefore, this is the fifth cornerstone of cancer management.

Burden of Musculoskeletal (MSK) Pain and Arthritis in India: A Community Oriented Program for Control of Rheumatic Diseases (COPCORD-Bone and Joint Decade (BJD)) India Project.

Background: Several countries have participated in WHO COPCORD. The Global Disease Burden program (GBD) reports selected MSK disorders. We used a COPCORD India protocol to estimate the national burden of MSK disorders.

Repurposing Efavirenz, the HIV Antiretroviral Drug for Chikungunya Virus Infection.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has frequently recurred in recent decades, causing outbreaks worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. The re-emergence of CHIKV poses a substantial risk to human health, as no efficacious drugs are currently available to curb new outbreaks. Here, the anti-CHIKV activity of efavirenz was investigated by cell culture-based antiviral assays in different relevant cell lines.

68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT-Based Response Evaluation and its Prognostic Value in Multiple Myeloma: Comparison With IMWG and 18F-FDG-Based Response.

Purpose: 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT targets CXCR4 receptors and provides superior diagnostic accuracy in multiple myeloma (MM) compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT. However, its role in response evaluation remains unexplored. We propose a 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT-based response evaluation criterion and evaluate its utility compared with International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria and 18F-FDG PET/CT-based response.

Can 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT Presenting Mirror Image of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Be Used for Response Assessment to 177Lu-PSMA in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer?

A 69-year-old man, with a known case of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and 99mTc-PSMA for evaluation of disease burden and response assessment to 177Lu-PSMA therapy. 99mTc-PSMA provided a mirror image of 68Ga-PSMA. This suggests the potential of 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT for disease evaluation and response assessment to PSMA-based radioligand therapies in advanced-stage mCRPC patients, especially when 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT is not available.

Deep learning-based classification of dementia using image representation of subcortical signals.

Background: Dementia is a neurological syndrome marked by cognitive decline. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the common forms of dementia, each with distinct progression patterns. Early and accurate diagnosis of dementia cases (AD and FTD) is crucial for effective medical care, as both conditions have similar early-symptoms.

Hybrid metaheuristic optimization for detecting and diagnosing noncommunicable diseases.

In our data-driven world, the healthcare sector faces significant challenges in the early detection and management of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). The COVID-19 pandemic has further emphasized the need for effective tools to predict and treat NCDs, especially in individuals at risk. This research addresses these pressing concerns by proposing a comprehensive framework that combines advanced data mining techniques, feature selection, and meta-heuristic optimization.