Race, sex, and socioeconomic disparities affect the clinical stage of patients presenting for treatment of superficial venous disease.

Objective: Superficial venous disease has a U.S. prevalence of nearly 30%, with advanced disease contributing to a significant healthcare burden.

Type IV Hypersensitivity Reaction after Cyanoacrylate Venous Closure.

Background: Nonthermal endovenous closure techniques are routinely utilized to treat superficial axial venous reflux. Cyanoacrylate closure is a safe and effective modality implemented for truncal closure. However, an adverse reaction of type IV hypersensitivity (T4H), unique to cyanoacrylate, is a known risk.

Mechano-isomerization of azobenzene.

We show that ultrasound-induced mechanical force isomerizes an azobenzene centered within a poly(methyl acrylate) polymer from cis to trans configuration without cleaving the azo bond. The isomerization rate was not altered by the polarity of the solvent indicating that the isomerization occurs through a non-polar, inversion transition state.