An experimental platform for investigation of the Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields.

An experimental platform is developed for the investigation of the Zeeman effect in strong magnetic fields. Mega-Gauss magnetic fields are generated by a 1 MA Zebra pulsed power machine using metal rod loads. A gas jet or CH oil on the load is the source of hydrogen.

Quadratic Zeeman effect in hydrogen at 2-3 MG magnetic fields.

The Zeeman effect is used for measurement of magnetic fields in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Magnetic fields in atmospheres of magnetic white dwarf stars are in the range 40 kG-1 GG. The quadratic Zeeman effect results in the additional split and shift of lines for magnetic fields >2 MG.

Drug-aggravated Bullous Pemphigoid in a 47-year-old Asian Woman - A Case Report.

Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid is the most common chronic recurrent autoimmune subepidermal blistering disorder most prevalent in the geriatric population. It varies widely in clinical presentation ranging from tense bullae to intense generalized pruritus. It is immunologic in origin with the presence of IgG antibodies.

Coherence pathway analysis of J-coupled lipids and lactate and effective suppression of lipids upon the selective multiple quantum coherence lactate editing sequence.

The selective multiple quantum coherence (Sel-MQC) sequence is a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique used to detect lactate and suppress co-resonant lipid signals. The coherence pathways of J-coupled lipids upon the sequence, however, have not been studied, hindering a logical design of the sequence to fully attenuate lipid signals. The objective of this study is to elucidate the coherence pathways of J-coupled lipids upon the Sel-MQC sequence and find a strategy to effectively suppress lipid signals from these pathways while keeping the lactate signal.

Impact of native and external factors on exosome release: understanding reactive exosome secretion and its biogenesis.

Exosomes are minuscule vesicles secreted in the endolytic region of most mammalian cells. The release of exosomes from the cell engenders cell-to-cell signaling between cellular-compartments. The trading of exosomes between tumor and yonder cells plays a hypercritical role in tumor growth and progression.

Volumetric glutamate imaging (GluCEST) using 7T MRI can lateralize nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy: A preliminary study.

Introduction: Drug-resistant epilepsy patients show worse outcomes after resection when standard neuroimaging is nonlesional, which occurs in one-third of patients. In prior work, we employed 2-D glutamate imaging, Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST), to lateralize seizure onset in nonlesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on increased ipsilateral GluCEST signal in the total hippocampus and hippocampal head. We present a significant advancement to single-slice GluCEST imaging, allowing for three-dimensional analysis of brain glutamate networks.

Improved method for post-processing correction of B inhomogeneity in glutamate-weighted CEST images of the human brain.

Glutamate-weighted CEST (gluCEST) imaging is nearly unique in its ability to provide non-invasive, spatially resolved measurements of glutamate in vivo. In this article, we present an improved correction for B inhomogeneity of gluCEST images of the human brain. Images were obtained on a Siemens 7.

Recovery kinetics of creatine in mild plantar flexion exercise using 3D creatine CEST imaging at 7 Tesla.

Purpose: Two-dimensional creatine CEST (2D-CrCEST), with a slice thickness of 10-20 mm and temporal resolution (τ ) of about 30 seconds, has previously been shown to capture the creatine-recovery kinetics in healthy controls and in patients with abnormal creatine-kinase kinetics following the mild plantar flexion exercise. Since the distribution of disease burden may vary across the muscle length for many musculoskeletal disorders, there is a need to increase coverage in the slice-encoding direction. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of 3D-CrCEST with τ of about 30 seconds, and propose an improved voxel-wise -calibration approach for CrCEST.

Accelerating GluCEST imaging using deep learning for B correction.

Purpose: Glutamate weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI is a noninvasive technique for mapping parenchymal glutamate in the brain. Because of the sensitivity to field (B ) inhomogeneity, the total acquisition time is prolonged due to the repeated image acquisitions at several saturation offset frequencies, which can cause practical issues such as increased sensitivity to patient motions. Because GluCEST signal is derived from the small z-spectrum difference, it often has a low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR).

Antimicrobial resistance patterns of commensal isolated from feces of non-diarrheic dogs in Grenada, West Indies.

Background And Aim: There is currently no published information on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of commensal in dogs of Grenada origin. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance helps in the empirical selection of antibiotics. This study determined the occurrence of including the O157:H7 serotype in feces of non-diarrheic dogs of Grenada origin and the antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates.

Salmonella serovars associated with Grenadian tree boa (Corallus grenadensis) and their antimicrobial susceptibility.

Cloacal swabs from 45 Grenada bank tree boas (Corallus grenadensis) were sampled during a 12-month period (2011-2012) from the rain forests and scrublands of Grenada. Cloacal swabs were examined by enrichment and selective culture for the presence of Salmonella spp. In all, 16 (35.

Glutamate-Weighted CEST Contrast After Removal of Magnetization Transfer Effect in Human Brain and Rat Brain with Tumor.

Purpose: To mitigate the effect of magnetization transfer (MT) from glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) contrast in healthy human brain and its demonstration in a rat brain tumor model.

Procedures: GluCEST data was acquired from six healthy human volunteers at 7T and on a rat brain with tumor at 9.4 T.

Evaluating the feasibility of creatine-weighted CEST MRI in human brain at 7 T using a Z-spectral fitting approach.

The current study aims to evaluate the feasibility of creatine (Cr) chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)-weighted MRI at 7 T in the human brain by optimizing the saturation pulse parameters and computing contrast using a Z-spectral fitting approach. The Cr-weighted (Cr-w) CEST contrast was computed from phantoms data. Simulations were carried out to obtain the optimum saturation parameters for Cr-w CEST with lower contribution from other brain metabolites.

Single-Voxel H MR spectroscopy of cerebral nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ) in humans at 7T using a 32-channel volume coil.

Purpose: Reliable monitoring of tissue nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD ) concentration may provide insights on its roles in normal and pathological aging. In the present study, we report a H MRS pulse sequence for the in vivo, localized H MRS detection of NAD from the human brain.

Methods: Studies were carried out on a 7T Siemens MRI scanner using a 32-channel product volume coil.

Sugar alcohol provides imaging contrast in cancer detection.

Clinical imaging is widely used to detect, characterize and stage cancers in addition to monitoring the therapeutic progress. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aided by contrast agents utilizes the differential relaxivity property of water to distinguish between tumorous and normal tissue. Here, we describe an MRI contrast method for the detection of cancer using a sugar alcohol, maltitol, a common low caloric sugar substitute that exploits the chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) property of the labile hydroxyl group protons on maltitol (malCEST).

Bird diversity along riverine areas in the Bhagirathi Valley, Uttarakhand, India.

Natural riverine areas mark ecotonal habitats harbouring a characteristically diverse faunal assemblage, especially birds that also use these habitats as pathways crucial for their movement. Increasingly, riverine systems are subjected to large-scale habitat alterations due to climatic fluctuations and anthropogenic changes. Therefore, it is important to understand broad-scale community patterns for conservation planning and prioritisation for these ecotone habitats.

Glutamate weighted imaging contrast in gliomas with 7 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.

Introduction: Diffuse gliomas are incurable malignancies, which undergo inevitable progression and are associated with seizure in 50-90% of cases. Glutamate has the potential to be an important glioma biomarker of survival and local epileptogenicity if it can be accurately quantified noninvasively.

Methods: We applied the glutamate-weighted imaging method GluCEST (glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer) and single voxel MRS (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) at 7 Telsa (7 T) to patients with gliomas.

Glutamate-Weighted Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Glutaminase Inhibition in a Mouse Model of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Glutamate is an important metabolite of glutaminolysis, a metabolic pathway used by many aggressive cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). With the exception of the brain, detection of glutamate in tissues using H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is challenging. Compared with MRS, glutamate-weighted chemical exchange saturation transfer MR imaging (GluCEST MRI) offers a more sensitive detection mechanism that is free of glutamine interference.

Reproducibility of 2D GluCEST in healthy human volunteers at 7 T.

Purpose: To investigate the reproducibility of gray and white matter glutamate contrast of a brain slice among a small group of healthy volunteers by using the 2D single-slice glutamate CEST (GluCEST) imaging technique.

Methods: Six healthy volunteers were scanned multiple times for within-day and between-day reproducibility. One more volunteer was scanned for within-day reproducibility at 7T MRI.

Using 3D spatial correlations to improve the noise robustness of multi component analysis of 3D multi echo quantitative T2 relaxometry data.

Purpose: We present a computationally feasible and iterative multi-voxel spatially regularized algorithm for myelin water fraction (MWF) reconstruction. This method utilizes 3D spatial correlations present in anatomical/pathological tissues and underlying B1-inhomogeneity or flip angle inhomogeneity to enhance the noise robustness of the reconstruction while intrinsically accounting for stimulated echo contributions using T2-distribution data alone.

Methods: Simulated data and in vivo data acquired using 3D non-selective multi-echo spin echo (3DNS-MESE) were used to compare the reconstruction quality of the proposed approach against those of the popular algorithm (the method by Prasloski et al.

Serovars and antimicrobial resistance of non-typhoidal isolated from non-diarrhoeic dogs in Grenada, West Indies.

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis remains an important public health problem worldwide. Dogs may harbour in their intestines and can easily shed in the environment with the possibility of transmission to humans. Thus, monitoring is essential to understand the role of dogs in zoonotic transmission.

In vivo GluCEST MRI: Reproducibility, background contribution and source of glutamate changes in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease.

Glutamate Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (GluCEST) MRI is a recently developed technique to image glutamate. In the present study, we evaluated the reproducibility and background contamination to the GluCEST and source of the GluCEST changes in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Repeated measurements in five mice demonstrated an intra-animal coefficient of variation (CV) of GluCEST signal to be 2.

STREPTOCOCCUS PHOCAE IN MARINE MAMMALS OF NORTHEASTERN PACIFIC AND ARCTIC CANADA: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 85 POSTMORTEM INVESTIGATIONS.

:  Streptococcus phocae is a pathogen of marine mammals, although its pathogenicity remains poorly understood. Recovery of this bacterium from asymptomatic carriers suggests that it is an opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the role of S.

Campylobacter Species Isolated from Pigs in Grenada Exhibited Novel Clones: Genotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Sequence Types.

Infections caused by Campylobacter species pose a severe threat to public health worldwide. However, in Grenada, the occurrence and characteristics of Campylobacter in food animals, including pigs, remain mostly unknown. In this study, we identified the sequence types (STs) of Campylobacter from young healthy pigs in Grenada and compared the results with previous studies in Grenada and other countries.

Molecular imaging biomarkers for cell-based immunotherapies.

While many decades of scientific research studies have gone into harnessing the power of the immune system to fight cancer, only recently have cancer immunotherapeutic approaches begun to show robust clinical responses in patients with a variety of cancers. These treatments are adding to the current arsenal of cancer treatments; surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, and increasing the therapeutic options for cancer patients. Despite these advances, issues associated with these therapies include that not all patients respond to these therapies, and some patients who respond experience varying degrees of toxicities.