Intrastromal Corneal Ring Implants Associated Bacterial Infections.

Purpose: This study examines the incidence of infection and resistance associated with Intracorneal Ring Segment (ICRS) implantation, a common outpatient surgical treatment for correcting refractive errors and corneal ectatic diseases. Although ICRS procedures are typically safe and reversible, there is a low but notable risk of microbial infections, which require prompt and sometimes invasive treatment.

Methods: Three electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus, were utilised to search for literature according to PRISMA guidelines to identify infections related to the implantation of ICRS in the cornea between January 2000 and December 2022.

Epidemiology of and Genetic Factors Associated with Keratitis.

keratitis (AK) is a severe, rare protozoal infection of the cornea. can survive in diverse habitats and at extreme temperatures. AK is mostly seen in contact lens wearers whose lenses have become contaminated or who have a history of water exposure, and in those without contact lens wear who have experienced recent eye trauma involving contaminated soil or water.

The role of naturally acquired intracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the development of Acanthamoeba keratitis in an animal model.

Background: Acanthamoeba is an environmental host for various microorganisms. Acanthamoeba is also becoming an increasingly important pathogen as a cause of keratitis. In Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), coinfections involving pathogenic bacteria have been reported, potentially attributed to the carriage of microbes by Acanthamoeba.

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The Anti-Amoebic Activity of a Peptidomimetic against .

Acanthamoeba is a free-living protozoan known to cause keratitis most commonly, especially among contact lens wearers. Treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis is challenging as Acanthamoeba can encyst from the active form, a trophozoite, into a hibernating cyst that is refractory to antibiotics and difficult to kill; therefore, there is a need for more effective anti-amoebic strategies. In this study, we have evaluated the anti-amoebic activity of the antimicrobial peptide mimic RK-758 against Acanthamoeba castellanii.

The Activity of Polyhomoarginine against .

Arginine-rich peptides can have broad-spectrum anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities. Polyhomoarginine consists of highly cationic residues which can act on the negatively charged microbial cell membranes. Acanthamoeba is a free-living protozoan known to cause a rare corneal infection which is difficult to diagnose and treat.

The Autofluorescence Patterns of and : Effects of Antibiotics and Tetracaine.

Keratitis (AK) can lead to substantial vision loss and morbidity among contact lens wearers. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is a major factor contributing to poor outcomes of AK. This study aimed to assess the effect of two antibiotics and one anaesthetic drug used in the diagnosis and nonspecific management of keratitis on the autofluorescence patterns of and two common bacteria that may also cause keratitis.

Automated iris volume analysis and trabecular meshwork length using anterior segment optical coherence tomography - Application in pseudoexfoliation and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in the iris and angle parameters in psuedoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Methods: Patients with PXF or PXG were compared using ASOCT with primary open-angle glaucoma POAG eyes as controls in this noninterventional comparative study conducted at a tertiary eye care center in East India. All angle parameters, TM length, and iris thickness were analyzed from the enhanced depth imaging (EDI) single scans obtained.

A Systematic Review of Intracellular Microorganisms within to Understand Potential Impact for Infection.

, an opportunistic pathogen is known to cause an infection of the cornea, central nervous system, and skin. feeds different microorganisms, including potentially pathogenic prokaryotes; some of microbes have developed ways of surviving intracellularly and this may mean that acts as incubator of important pathogens. A systematic review of the literature was performed in order to capture a comprehensive picture of the variety of microbial species identified within following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Capacity building for diabetic retinopathy screening by optometrists in India: Model description and pilot results.

Purpose: The present study's objectives are 1) to describe a novel model of Diabetic Retinopathy Capacity Building (DRCB) for optometrists in the detection of diabetes-related retinal pathology in India and 2) to assess the outcomes of this model by comparing the ability of optometrists to detect these diseases using retinal photographs, vis-à-vis, a specialist ophthalmologist.

Methods: The DRCB model for optometrists conducted between August 2016 and August 2018 included training, certification in the screening, and referral guidelines for Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and hospital-and community-based service delivery. Training included a 7-month long fellowship in DR and mentored participation as cofacilitators in 1-day orientation workshops on DR screening guidelines across India.

Predictors of Outcome During Eplerenone Therapy in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy:A Prospective, Open-Label Pilot Clinical Study.

Background And Objective: To assess the treatment response and predictive factors following eplerenone treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR).

Patients And Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized study involving fixed-dose eplerenone was conducted in 22 eyes of 11 consecutive patients with bilateral chronic CSCR. The changes in subretinal fluid (SRF), central macular thickness (CMT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were analyzed.

Comparative Evaluation of Foveal Avascular Zone on Two Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Devices.

Significance: This study compares foveal avascular zone (FAZ) geometry in healthy eyes as imaged by two commercially available optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) devices. Foveal avascular zone measurements are repeatable and reproducible with each OCTA device, but interdevice agreement was poor. We provide conversion factors between devices.

Subthreshold microsecond laser for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a randomized pilot study.

Aim: To compare the outcomes of subthreshold microsecond (STM) and continuous-wave laser (CWL) panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).

Methods: In this randomized, prospective, pilot study, 20 eyes of 10 subjects with symmetric severe non-proliferative (NPDR) or low-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were included. Each eye of the subject was randomized into either CWL or STM PRP group.

Semi-automated quantification of hard exudates in colour fundus photographs diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Hard exudates (HEs) are the classical sign of diabetic retinopathy (DR) which is one of the leading causes of blindness, especially in developing countries. Accordingly, disease screening involves examining HEs qualitatively using fundus camera. However, for monitoring the treatment response, quantification of HEs becomes crucial and hence clinicians now seek to measure the area of HEs in the digital colour fundus (CF) photographs.

Segmentation errors in macular ganglion cell analysis as determined by optical coherence tomography in eyes with macular pathology.

Background: To evaluate artifacts in macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measurement in eyes with retinal pathology using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT).

Methods: Retrospective analysis of color-coded maps, infrared images and 128 horizontal B-scans (acquired in the macular ganglion cell inner plexiform layer scans), using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA). The study population included 105 eyes with various macular conditions compared to 30 eyes of 30 age-matched healthy volunteers.

Imaging the Canaliculops With Ultrasound Biomicroscopy and Anterior Segment Ocular Coherence Tomography.

Canaliculops is a noninflammatory and noninfectious ectasia of the canaliculus with serous fluid accumulation. Currently, the etiology is uncertain. To the best of the authors' knowledge only 6 confirmed cases have been published earlier; however, the imaging features were not described.

Prevalence and Distribution of Segmentation Errors in Macular Ganglion Cell Analysis of Healthy Eyes Using Cirrus HD-OCT.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of different types of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scan artifacts and errors in ganglion cell algorithm (GCA) in healthy eyes.

Methods: Infrared image, color-coded map and each of the 128 horizontal b-scans acquired in the macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer scans using the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) macular cube 512 × 128 protocol in 30 healthy normal eyes were evaluated. The frequency and pattern of each artifact was determined.

Neurodegeneration in Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the neural retina in eyes with different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in comparison to age-matched healthy subjects.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans of 76 naïve eyes of 62 subjects with diabetes was performed. Key exclusion criteria included presence of diabetic macular edema, any other retinal disease, history of any treatment for DR, or incorrect segmentation of the retinal layers on SD-OCT scans.