Preparing disabled students for professional practice: managing risk through a principles-based approach.

Aim: A discussion exploring the ways disabled students are managed in practice settings. It proposes and argues for morally and legally viable principles to guide risk assessment and inclusive decision-making in practice.

Background: Equality law means that universities are bound not to discriminate against students on the basis, amongst other things, of disability.

Imaging features of primary and metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors.

Objective: The objective of our study was to describe the imaging features of primary and metastatic malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComas).

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, 36 patients (26 women, 10 men; mean age, 53.1 years; age range, 35-77 years) with a histopathologically confirmed diagnosis of malignant PEComa who were seen at our institute between January 2007 and December 2012 were included.

Simulating acoustic scattering from atmospheric temperature fluctuations using a k-space method.

This paper describes a numerical method for simulating far-field scattering from small regions of inhomogeneous temperature fluctuations. Such scattering is of interest since it is the mechanism by which acoustic wind velocity profiling devices (Doppler SODAR) receive backscatter. The method may therefore be used to better understand the scattering mechanisms in operation and may eventually provide a numerical test-bed for developing improved SODAR signals and post-processing algorithms.

A Study of N/N Isotopic Exchange over Cobalt Molybdenum Nitrides.

The N/N isotopic exchange pathways over CoMoN, a material of interest as an ammonia synthesis catalyst and for the development of nitrogen transfer reactions, have been investigated. Both the homomolecular and heterolytic exchange processes have been studied, and it has been shown that lattice nitrogen species are exchangeable. The exchange behavior was found to be a strong function of pretreatment with ca.

Causes of mortality and pathological lesions observed post-mortem in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in Great Britain.

Background: The red squirrel population in Great Britain has declined dramatically in recent decades, principally due to squirrelpox. Concern exists that red squirrels may become extinct nationally and, as there has been limited research in to diseases other than squirrelpox, this study aimed to identify additional causes of mortality.

Results: Post-mortem examinations on 163 red squirrels found dead on Isle of Wight (IoW) England, in Scotland and at other locations in Great Britain showed that 41.

Engagement with HIV prevention treatment and care among female sex workers in Zimbabwe: a respondent driven sampling survey.

Objectives: To determine the HIV prevalence and extent of engagement with HIV prevention and care among a representative sample of Zimbabwean sex workers working in Victoria Falls, Hwange and Mutare.

Design: Respondent driven sampling (RDS) surveys conducted at each site.

Methods: Sex workers were recruited using respondent driven sampling with each respondent limited to recruiting 2 peers.

'How poor are you?' -- a comparison of four questionnaire delivery modes for assessing socio-economic position in rural zimbabwe.

Background: Assessing socio-economic position can be difficult, particularly in developing countries. Collection of socio-economic data usually relies on interviewer-administered questionnaires, but there is little research exploring how questionnaire delivery mode (QDM) influences reporting of these indicators. This paper reports on results of a trial of four QDMs, and the effect of mode on poverty reporting.

The California breast density information group: a collaborative response to the issues of breast density, breast cancer risk, and breast density notification legislation.

In anticipation of breast density notification legislation in the state of California, which would require notification of women with heterogeneously and extremely dense breast tissue, a working group of breast imagers and breast cancer risk specialists was formed to provide a common response framework. The California Breast Density Information Group identified key elements and implications of the law, researching scientific evidence needed to develop a robust response. In particular, issues of risk associated with dense breast tissue, masking of cancers by dense tissue on mammograms, and the efficacy, benefits, and harms of supplementary screening tests were studied and consensus reached.

The association between an abusive father-son relationship, quantity of alcohol consumption, and male-to-male alcohol-related aggression.

Background: While alcohol consumption and heavy episodic (binge) drinking are well-established predictors of male-to-male alcohol-related aggression (MMARA), the role of the father-son relationship in MMARA has yet to be explored.

Methods: This study therefore examined whether fathering by the biological father rather than another father figure, negative fathering, and gender role modeled by the father figure were significant predictors of involvement in MMARA, once drinking frequency and quantity and heavy episodic drinking were controlled for. A total of 121 university students aged 18 to 25 years (M = 20.

The measurement of household socio-economic position in tuberculosis prevalence surveys: a sensitivity analysis.

Objective: To assess the robustness of socio-economic inequalities in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys.

Design: Data were drawn from the TB prevalence survey conducted in Lusaka Province, Zambia, in 2005-2006. We compared TB socio-economic inequalities measured through an asset-based index (Index 0) using principal component analysis (PCA) with those observed using three alternative indices: Index 1 and Index 2 accounted respectively for the biases resulting from the inclusion of urban assets and food-related variables in Index 0.

From caution to urgency: the evolution of HIV testing and counselling in Africa.

Objective: To describe recent changes in policy on provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in African countries and to investigate patients' experiences of and views about PITC.

Methods: A review of the published literature and of national HIV testing policies, strategic frameworks, plans and other relevant documents was carried out.

Findings: Of the African countries reviewed, 42 (79.

Metal accumulation in Lolium perenne and Brassica napus as affected by application of chitosans.

The effects of chitosan, a fishery waste-based material, and its derivative glutaraldehyde cross-linked chitosan (chitosan-GLA) on metal uptake by Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and Brassica napus (rapeseed) were studied in a greenhouse pot experiment. Metal uptake by perennial ryegrass was highly dependent on the rate of addition of the chitosans. Low application rate (1% w/w) enhanced metal uptake, whereas 10% (w/w) addition decreased metal uptake.

Intimate partner violence and socioeconomic deprivation in England: findings from a national cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: We examined the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) and its association with social deprivation in England.

Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate IPV correlates among 21 226 men and women aged 16 to 59 years in the 2008 nationally representative cross-sectional British Crime Survey.

Results: Lifetime IPV was reported by 23.

Low frequency sound propagation in activated carbon.

Activated carbon can adsorb and desorb gas molecules onto and off its surface. Research has examined whether this sorption affects low frequency sound waves, with pressures typical of audible sound, interacting with granular activated carbon. Impedance tube measurements were undertaken examining the resonant frequencies of Helmholtz resonators with different backing materials.

Changes over time in sexual behaviour among young people with different levels of educational attainment in Tanzania.

Background: HIV prevalence trends in Tanzania differ between socioeconomic groups. While HIV prevalence was initially higher among those with higher levels of educational attainment, it has fallen fastest among these groups. Among those with lower levels of education HIV prevalence has been stable.

The effect of caffeine on maximal oxygen uptake and vertical jump performance in male basketball players.

This study investigated whether performance enhancement from caffeine described by other researchers transfers to male basketball players. The effects of caffeine ingestion were studied in a maximal-effort test on a treadmill that was followed by a vertical-jump test. Five elite-level male basketball players completed a graded treadmill test that measured maximal oxygen uptake, blood lactate profiles, respiratory exchange ratio, and rating of perceived exertion at each 3-minute stage.

Measuring socio-economic position for epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income countries: a methods of measurement in epidemiology paper.

Much has been written about the measurement of socio-economic position (SEP) in high-income countries (HIC). Less has been written for an epidemiology, health systems and public health audience about the measurement of SEP in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The social stratification processes in many LMIC-and therefore the appropriate measurement tools-differ considerably from those in HIC.

Carbonised red mud--a new water treatment product made from a waste material.

Proposals to use red mud, the waste produced by the extraction of alumina from bauxite ore in the Bayer process, as a material for treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water are limited by its inherent alkalinity and variability. Attempts to lower its pH have been largely unreliable. However, an alternative strategy is carbonisation of red mud by catalytic hydrocarbon cracking, which results in a magnetic material of greater surface area.

Universal voluntary HIV testing in antenatal care settings: a review of the contribution of provider-initiated testing & counselling.

Objective: To assess the contribution of provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC) to achieving universal testing of pregnant women and, from available data on components of PITC, assess whether PITC adoption adheres to pre-test information, post-test counselling procedures and linkage to treatment.

Methods: Systematic review of published literature. Findings were collated and data extracted on HIV testing uptake before and after the adoption of a PITC model.

Cash transfer and microfinance interventions for tuberculosis control: review of the impact evidence and policy implications.

Objective: To quantify the impact of cash transfer and microfinance interventions on a selected list of tuberculosis (TB) risk factors and assess their potential role in supporting TB control.

Data Source: Published and unpublished references identified from clinical and social electronic databases, grey literature and web sites.

Methods: Eligible interventions had to be conducted in middle- or low-income countries and document an impact evaluation on any of the following outcomes: 1) TB or other respiratory infections; 2) household socio-economic position; and 3) factors mediating the association between low household socio-economic position and TB, including inadequate health-seeking behaviours, food insecurity and biological TB risk factors such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and adult malnutrition.

Binding of heavy metal contaminants onto chitosans--an evaluation for remediation of metal contaminated soil and water.

The binding efficiency of chitosan samples for Ag(+), Cd(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+) and Zn(2+) has been evaluated in order to consider their application to remediate metal contaminated soil and water. The sorption behaviour of metal ions was assessed using a batch technique at different contact time and initial metal concentration with different background electrolytes. The kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data correlated well with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models.

The association between household socioeconomic position and prevalent tuberculosis in Zambia: a case-control study.

Background: Although historically tuberculosis (TB) has been associated with poverty, few analytical studies from developing countries have tried to: 1. assess the relative impact of poverty on TB after the emergence of HIV; 2. explore the causal mechanism underlying this association; and 3.