Extending the cellulosome paradigm: the modular Clostridium thermocellum cellulosomal serpin PinA is a broad-spectrum inhibitor of subtilisin-like proteases.

Clostridium thermocellum encodes a cellulosomal, modular, and thermostable serine protease inhibitor (serpin), PinA. PinA stability but not inhibitory activity is affected by the Fn(III) and Doc(I) domains, and PinA is a broad inhibitor of subtilisin-like proteases and may play a key role in protecting the cellulosome from protease attack.

Measuring hordein (gluten) in beer--a comparison of ELISA and mass spectrometry.

Background: Subjects suffering from coeliac disease, gluten allergy/intolerance must adopt a lifelong avoidance of gluten. Beer contains trace levels of hordeins (gluten) which are too high to be safely consumed by most coeliacs. Accurate measurement of trace hordeins by ELISA is problematic.