Small-bowel lymphoma and regional enteritis: radiographic similarities.

Lymphoma and regional enteritis may demonstrate strikingly similar patterns in the small bowel. Fifty cases of regional enteritis and small-bowel lymphoma were reviewed. Of these, there were 12 cases of both diseases in which a confident radiographic distinction could not be made.

Computed tomography of the abnormal pericardium.

Computed tomographic (CT) findings in 18 patients with documented pericardial disease are reported. The pericardium appears as a thin, curvilinear, 1- to 2-mm-thick density best seen anterior to the right ventricular part of the heart. Pericardial abnormalities detected by CT include effusions, thickening, calcification, and cystic and solid masses.

Computed tomography of the normal pericardium.

Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 100 patients were reviewed to establish the normal thickness of the pericardium. The pericardium was identified in 95 of 100 patients. The mean width of the thinnest portion of the pericardium was 2.

Cytologic bile examination in the diagnosis of biliary duct neoplastic strictures.

Cytodiagnosis of the bile is not frequently thought of as a method of obtaining a histopathologic diagnosis of the cause of a neoplastic biliary duct stricture. However, cells surrounding the biliary ducts are continuously exfoliated into bile and become available for cytologic examination whenever bile is collected. Nineteen patients with obstructive jaundice are reported.

Secondary esophageal tumors.

Secondary esophageal carcinoma usually originates from a primary site in either the lung or breast and produces obstruction and symptoms that frequently mimic a benign esophageal stricture or primary esophageal carcinoma. Esophagoscopy shows a smooth identation, usually covered with normal mucosa; the appearance resembles a benign esophageal stricture. Esophageal biopsy in patients with secondary tumors is often negative for carcinoma.

Gated cardiac computed tomography with a motion phantom.

CT images of the heart are significantly degraded by the effects of motion during the scanning interval. The use of electrocardiographic (ECG) gating to provide "stop-action" cardiac images remains limited by artifacts. A motion phantom has been constructed to allow systematic study of the artifact structure of ECG-gated images and to isolate the origins of these artifacts.

CT demonstration of cardiac structures.

Cross-sectional cardiac anatomy was studied by computed tomography (CT) in normal patients and in patients with well documented cardiac pathology. Specific cardiac chambers, aortic and pulmonary artery enlargement, ventricular aneurysms, coronary artery, and intracardiac calcifications were demonstrated using a 3 sec scan time with and without intravenous iodinated contrast media. Although CT imaging of the heart is in its infancy, the clarity with which cardiac chambers and other structures were visualized is encouraging and suggests the potential value of CT scanning for detecting significant intracardiac pathology on routine thoracic CT scans.

Diameter of arterial microvessels trapping 8--10 micron, 15 micron and 25 micron microspheres as determined by vital microscopy of the hamster cheek pouch.

An assumption inherent in the use of microsphere methodology for measuring regional blood flow is that microspheres are removed from the circulation by impacting in arterial vessels of approximately their own diameter. We investigated the in vivo relationship between the diameter of varying size microspheres and the calibre of trapping microvessels within the hamster cheek pouch. Intracardiac injection of 8-10, 15 +/- 5, 25 +/- 5 micron carbonized microspheres with diversion of the cardiac output into the bracheocephalic trunk provided direct, in vivo visualization of the impaction sites of these various size microspheres within the cheek pouch microvasculature.

Profile roentgenographic features of benign greater curvature ulcers.

Certain roentgenographic features have been considered typical of benign gastric ulcers, based almost entirely on studies of the lesser curvature. However, these features frequently are not present on the profile view in benign greater curvature ulcers. Moreover, features stated to suggest malignancy in gastric ulcers are commonly simulated by benign greater curvature ulcers.

CT-pathologic correlations in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

In order to assess its potential uses in the staging and treatment planning of lymphoma, CT was performed in 27 newly diagnosed, previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 18 staging laparotomies provided pathologic correlations. CT detected and defined disease in areas not well evaluated by conventional techniques (high para-aortic, mesenteric, splenic hilar nodes). CT interpretation of splenic size and weight correlated well with splenic weight confirmed at pathology.

Upper esophageal responses to intraluminal distention in man.

This investigation determined the site(s) of elicitation and origin of secondary peristalsis in the human esophagus and characterized the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and proximal esophageal body responses accompanying intraluminal distention. In 7 normal persons, an intraluminal transducer probe manometrically recorded the UES and 5- and 10-cm levels of the esophageal body. A second probe with a balloon attached 2 cm above the proximal strain gauge was located so that the balloon was 3 and 4 cm below the UES and 4 distentions were done.

Non-beta islet cell tumor calcification assoicated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and multiple endocrine adenomatosis.

The radiographic triad of a calcified pancreatic mass, duodenal ulcers, and nephrocalcinosis should suggest the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, as part of the multiple endocrine adenomatosis complex. The clinical and radiographic features of the entity are described in this case report.

Early experience with the Varian Six Second body scanner in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary tract disease.

Thirty-four patients with liver disease were studied with a research model of the Varian Six Second body scanner. Useful information was gained in patients with a variety of hepatic disorders. This scanner permits resolution of normal hepatic parenchymal detail which has not been reported previously and has reduced the streak artifacts originating from high- and low-CT objects which have been a major source of image degradation with other units.

Computed tomography of abdominal paraaortic lymph node disease: preliminary observations with a 6 second scanner.

Eleven patients suspected of having tumor involving para-aortic lymph nodes were studied with the Varian 6 second whole body CT scanner. All patients had a pedal lymphangiogram; six were abnormal. In three of these six, CT provided clinically important information on the extent of disease which was not detectable by other radiographic studies.

Stop-action cardiac computed tomography.

Computed tomographic (CT) cardiac imaging in vivo has been hampered by motion of the heart during its cardiac cycle. A technique of post data-acquisition correlation of the angular projection data using the electrocardiogram as a reference signal is described. This method produced seven "stop action" images of the heart and resulted in delineating morphological detail not recognizable on the conventional CT scan.

Sequential feline esophageal nutrient blood flow: perfusion measurements in vivo.

The utilization of a catheter semiconductor beta detector (CASRAD) to perform in vivo, sequential, esophageal nutrient blood flow distribution studies in cats is described. A diffusable radioisotope, Rubidium 86 (86Rb), was injected intravenously and the CASRAD placed within the esophageal lumen. The distribution of 86Rb remained stable within the feline esophagus for sufficient time to allow for counting at 1.