Advancements in Varicose Vein Treatment: Anatomy, Pathophysiology, Minimally Invasive Techniques, Sclerotherapy, Patient Satisfaction, and Future Directions.

Varicose veins are a common vascular condition known for causing discomfort and cosmetic concerns. This comprehensive narrative review delves into their anatomy, pathophysiology, and modern treatment options, with a focus on endovenous techniques and sclerotherapy. The review starts by emphasizing the intricate anatomy of lower extremity venous circulation, underlining the significance of both superficial and deep venous networks in venous return.

Navigating Bariatric Surgery: Understanding and Managing Short-Term and Long-Term Complications.

Obesity is a global public health crisis associated with numerous medical conditions and increased mortality rates. Weight loss surgery, or bariatric surgery, has become a crucial treatment option for clinically severe obesity. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but it carries the potential for various complications, both in the short and long term.