The Grotte du Bison Neandertals (Arcy-sur-Cure, France).

The Grotte du Bison, in Arcy-sur-Cure (Yonne, France), yielded a large assemblage of 49 Neandertal remains from late Mousterian layers, offering critical insights for the study of Middle to Upper Paleolithic populations of Western Europe. Previous studies described the external morphology of 13 isolated teeth and a partial maxilla. Building on this previous work, the current study provides further descriptions and analyses of the remains, including one postcranial fragment, six cranial fragments, two maxillary fragments, and 40 isolated teeth.

Freshness in Salmon by Hand-Held Devices: Methods in Feature Selection and Data Fusion for Spectroscopy.

Salmon fillet was analyzed via hand-held optical devices: fluorescence (@340 nm) and absorption spectroscopy across the visible and near-infrared (NIR) range (400-1900 nm). Spectroscopic measurements were benchmarked with nucleotide assays and potentiometry in an exploratory set of experiments over 11 days, with changes to spectral profiles noted. A second enlarged spectroscopic data set, over a 17 day period, was then acquired, and fillet freshness was classified ±1 day via four machine learning (ML) algorithms: linear discriminant analysis, Gaussian naïve, weighted -nearest neighbors, and an ensemble bagged tree method.

Radiographers' emotional reactions to suspected child abuse.

Introduction: In cases of suspected physical abuse (SPA) in children, a full skeletal survey is performed. Radiographers performing the survey may experience emotional challenges during the examination. The purpose of the study was to explore the emotional aspects of SPA imaging among radiographers and how they respond to potential challenges.

Targeting corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 (Crhr1) neurons: validating the specificity of a novel transgenic Crhr1-FlpO mouse.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling through its cognate receptors, CRHR1 and CRHR2, contributes to diverse stress-related functions in the mammalian brain. Whereas CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in choroid plexus and blood vessels, CRHR1 is abundantly expressed in neurons in discrete brain regions, including the neocortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Activation of CRHR1 influences motivated behaviors, emotional states, and learning and memory.

Ensembl 2025.

Ensembl (www.ensembl.org) is an open platform integrating publicly available genomics data across the tree of life with a focus on eukaryotic species related to human health, agriculture and biodiversity.

Rapid prediction of conformationally-dependent DFT-level descriptors using graph neural networks for carboxylic acids and alkyl amines.

Data-driven reaction discovery and development is a growing field that relies on the use of molecular descriptors to capture key information about substrates, ligands, and targets. Broad adaptation of this strategy is hindered by the associated computational cost of descriptor calculation, especially when considering conformational flexibility. Descriptor libraries can be precomputed agnostic of application to reduce the computational burden of data-driven reaction development.

Preclinical safety and efficacy of the recombinant CR1 drug product CSL040 in rats and cynomolgus monkeys.

CSL040 is a soluble, recombinant fragment of the complement receptor 1 (CR1) extracellular domain that acts as an inhibitor of all three pathways of the complement system. Systemic toxicity, toxicokinetics (TK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of CSL040 were assessed in two-week intravenous (IV) bolus studies in Han Wistar rats and cynomolgus monkeys. Recovery from any effects was evaluated during a four-week recovery period.

Targeting Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Type 1 (CRHR1) Neurons: Validating the Specificity of a Novel Transgenic Crhr1-FlpO Mouse.

Introduction: Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) signaling through its cognate receptors, CRHR1 and CRHR2, contributes to diverse stress-related functions in the mammalian brain. Whereas CRHR2 is predominantly expressed in choroid plexus and blood vessels, CRHR1 is abundantly expressed in neurons in discrete brain regions, including the neocortex, hippocampus and nucleus accumbens. Activation of CRHR1 influences motivated behaviors, emotional states, and learning and memory.

GENCODE 2025: reference gene annotation for human and mouse.

GENCODE produces comprehensive reference gene annotation for human and mouse. Entering its twentieth year, the project remains highly active as new technologies and methodologies allow us to catalog the genome at ever-increasing granularity. In particular, long-read transcriptome sequencing enables us to identify large numbers of missing transcripts and to substantially improve existing models, and our long non-coding RNA catalogs have undergone a dramatic expansion and reconfiguration as a result.

Spatiotemporal Clusters of ERK Activity Coordinate Cytokine-induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells.

Spatially coordinated ERK signaling events ("SPREADs") transmit radially from a central point to adjacent cells via secreted ligands for EGFR and other receptors. SPREADs maintain homeostasis in non-pulmonary epithelia, but it is unknown whether they play a role in the airway epithelium or are dysregulated in inflammatory disease. To address these questions, we measured SPREAD activity with live-cell ERK biosensors in human bronchial epithelial cell lines (HBE1 and 16HBE) and primary human bronchial epithelial (pHBE) cells, in both submerged and biphasic Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) culture conditions (i.

Development and validation of an in vitro model to study thrombin generation on the surface of catheters in platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma.

Introduction: Coagulation activation on medical devices remains a significant problem as it can lead to dramatic thromboembolic complications. Understanding its poorly described mechanisms and finding optimal pharmacological prevention means is crucial to improve patient safety.

Methods: We developed an in vitro model to study thrombin generation (TG) initiated by the contact of plasma with the surface of catheters.

Management of Therapeutic-intensity Unfractionated Heparin: A Narrative Review on Critical Points.

Nowadays, unfractionated heparin (UFH) use is limited to selected patient groups at high risk of both bleeding and thrombosis (patients in cardiac surgery, in intensive care unit, and patients with severe renal impairment), rendering its management extremely challenging, with many unresolved questions despite decades of use. In this narrative review, we revisit the fundamental concepts of therapeutic anticoagulation with UFH and address five key points, summarizing controversies underlying the use of UFH and discussing the few recent advances in the field: (1) laboratory tests for UFH monitoring have significant limitations; (2) therapeutic ranges are not well grounded; (3) the actual influence of antithrombin levels on UFH's anticoagulant activity is not well established; (4) the concept of UFH resistance lacks supporting data; (5) scarce data are available on UFH use beyond acute venous thromboembolism. We therefore identified key issues to be appropriately addressed in future clinical research: (1) while anti-Xa assays are often considered as the preferred option, we call for a vigorous action to improve understanding of the differences between types of anti-Xa assays and to solve the issue of the usefulness of added dextran; (2) therapeutic ranges for UFH, which were defined decades ago using reagents no longer available, have not been properly validated and need to be confirmed or reestablished; (3) UFH dose adjustment nomograms require full validation.

The role of short-chain fatty acids in cancer prevention and cancer treatment.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are microbial metabolites in the gut that may play a role in cancer prevention and treatment. They affect the metabolism of both normal and cancer cells, regulating various cellular energetic processes. SCFAs also inhibit histone deacetylases, which are targets for cancer therapy.

Embers of autoregression show how large language models are shaped by the problem they are trained to solve.

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) makes it important to recognize their strengths and limitations. We argue that to develop a holistic understanding of these systems, we must consider the problem that they were trained to solve: next-word prediction over Internet text. By recognizing the pressures that this task exerts, we can make predictions about the strategies that LLMs will adopt, allowing us to reason about when they will succeed or fail.

A qualitative analysis of the role of the diagnostic radiographer in child safeguarding.

Background: The role of medical imaging in the investigation of suspected child abuse is well documented. However, the role of the radiographer as an instigator of such concerns is less well understood. The fast-paced development of related technology and the evolution of the profession into new areas of work is argued to have impacted upon the traditional interaction between patient and professional; thus requiring a contemporary analysis of current practice.

Is lupus anticoagulant testing with dilute Russell's viper venom clotting times reliable in the presence of inflammation?

Background: Testing for lupus anticoagulant (LA) is not recommended in case of inflammation as C-reactive protein (CRP) can interfere with the phospholipids present in the activated partial thromboplastin time test used to detect an LA. However, the potential interference of an acute phase protein (ie, CRP) in LA testing using the dilute Russell's viper venom (DRVV) test is poorly studied.

Objectives: To study the effect of inflammation, as evidenced by increased CRP levels, on DRVV tests.

Diagnostic radiography workforce expectations of learners against the 2023 HCPC standards of proficiency: Results of a UK Delphi study.

Introduction: The UK Health and Care Professions Council revised the Standards of Proficiency for diagnostic radiographers in 2023 to reflect modern practices and service needs. This will impact on the training and assessment of learners throughout their programmes in order to support them to meet the threshold standards.

Methods: A Delphi survey was distributed to UK diagnostic radiographers to ascertain the stage of training in which they expect each standard of proficiency to be demonstrated by the learner.

Modular synthesis of aryl amines from 3-alkynyl-2-pyrones.

The synthesis of aryl amines from 3-alkynyl-2-pyrones and various amines is described. Mechanistically, the aryl amines are proposed to arise from the 3-alkynyl-2-pyrone substrates through their selective opening in a 1,6-fashion by secondary amines followed by decarboxylation and an unexpected rearrangement. The proposed mechanism is supported by quantum chemical transition-state calculations, which are consistent with the regiochemical outcome.

A DNA condensation code for linker histones.

Linker histones play an essential role in chromatin packaging by facilitating compaction of the 11-nm fiber of nucleosomal "beads on a string." The result is a heterogeneous condensed state with local properties that range from dynamic, irregular, and liquid-like to stable and regular structures (the 30-nm fiber), which in turn impact chromatin-dependent activities at a fundamental level. The properties of the condensed state depend on the type of linker histone, particularly on the highly disordered C-terminal tail, which is the most variable region of the protein, both between species, and within the various subtypes and cell-type specific variants of a given organism.