Effects of pericardiocentesis on renal function and cardiac hemodynamics.

Background: Previous case studies have reported reversal of acute renal failure after pericardiocentesis in pericardial effusion. This study examines the effects of pericardiocentesis on preprocedural low cardiac output and acute renal dysfunction in patients with pericardial effusion.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of 95 patients undergoing pericardiocentesis between 2015 and 2020.

Envisaging a global infrastructure to exploit the potential of digitised collections.

Tens of millions of images from biological collections have become available online over the last two decades. In parallel, there has been a dramatic increase in the capabilities of image analysis technologies, especially those involving machine learning and computer vision. While image analysis has become mainstream in consumer applications, it is still used only on an artisanal basis in the biological collections community, largely because the image corpora are dispersed.

A Comprehensive, Community-Based Coalition to Address Racial Disparities in Chronic Disease: REACH in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.

Background: Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Initiative, Live Well Allegheny: Lifting Wellness for African Americans (LWA) in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, aims to enhance health equity by addressing chronic disease in six African American communities via three key strategies: nutrition, physical activity, and community-clinical linkages.

Objectives: This manuscript describes the coalition's partnership dynamics and evaluation methods with a focus on nutrition strategies.

Methods: We have a network of committed partners implementing the strategies and we are evaluating our efforts using community asset mapping, county population-based survey data, qualitative process interviews, focus groups, and program performance measures.

Cell adhesion marker expression dynamics during fusion of the optic fissure.

Tissue fusion is a critical process that is repeated in multiple contexts during embryonic development and shares common attributes to processes such as wound healing and metastasis. Ocular coloboma is a developmental eye disorder that presents as a physical gap in the ventral eye, and is a major cause of childhood blindness. Coloboma results from fusion failure between opposing ventral retinal epithelia, but there are major knowledge gaps in our understanding of this process at the molecular and cell behavioural levels.

Leveraging digital technology for social connectedness among adults with chronic conditions: A systematic review.

Purpose: To review the evidence about the impact of digital technology on social connectedness among adults with one or more chronic health conditions.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, Social Sciences, CINAHL, and Compendex were systematically searched for full-text, peer-reviewed empirical evidence published between 2012 and 2023 and reported using the PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were critically appraised applying the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists.

The influence of manure-based organic fertilisers on the oviposition behaviour of Anopheles arabiensis.

The rice agroecosystem provides suitable breeding habitat for many malaria vector species, and  rice-adjacent communities are consequently exposed to a greater malaria transmission risk than non-rice-associated communities. As part of efforts to expand rice production in Africa, sustainable and climate-adapted practices such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) are being promoted. SRI encourages the use of organic fertilisers (OFs) such as cow and chicken dung, as opposed to inorganic industrially produced fertilisers, due to their lower resource cost, apparent benefit to the rice agroecosystem and as a means to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the production of industrial fertilisers.

The Intestinal Tract Brush Border in Young Children Uniformly Expresses Guanylate Cyclase C.

The present study examined staining of guanylate cyclase C (GCC/GUCY2C) in the small and large intestines of children younger than age 7 years. Normal intestinal tissue from children aged 0 to 7 years was stained using GCC, uroguanylin, and villin antibodies and scored for staining intensity. A subset underwent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Manure and mosquitoes: life history traits of two malaria vector species enhanced by larval exposure to cow dung, whilst chicken dung has a strong negative effect.

Background: Malaria vectors have a strong ecological association with rice agroecosystems, which can provide abundant aquatic habitats for larval development. Climate-adapted rice cultivation practices, such as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), are gaining popularity in malaria-endemic countries seeking to expand rice production; however, the potential impact of these practices on vector populations has not been well characterised. In particular, SRI encourages the use of organic fertilisers (OFs), such as animal manures, as low-cost and environmentally friendly alternatives to industrially produced inorganic fertilisers.

Impact of COVID-19 on a Community Health Coalition and Its Residents in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania: Insights Into Adaptation From Focus Groups and Evaluation Reports.

Live Well Allegheny: Lifting Wellness for African Americans (LWA) is a coalition in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) initiative. LWA consists of partner organizations addressing chronic disease prevention in six Black communities through nutrition, physical activity, and community-clinical linkage strategies. This analysis focuses on qualitative data exploring the influence of COVID-19 on coalition functioning and communities.

Instituting Racial Equity: The Allegheny County Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health Initiative.

Introduction: In 2018, The Live Well Allegheny: Lifting Wellness for African Americans (LWA2) Initiative was developed to support six priority, Black communities in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania to address health equity in chronic disease. The LWA2 coalition members participated in ongoing anti-racism and racial equity sessions with a nationally recognized anti-racist facilitation team. The sessions included a 2-days experience in January 2020 along with follow up meetings throughout 2020.

The burden of neuropsychiatric disorders in patients living with HIV-1 treated with antiretroviral therapies-A perspective from US Medicaid data.

Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 face challenges with treatment adherence for various reasons, including consideration of neuropsychiatric disorders and neuropsychiatric adverse reactions associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using administrative claims data from the IBM MarketScan Multi-State Medicaid Database (1/1/2014-12/31/2017). Adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with HIV-1 and newly initiated on antiretroviral therapy with continuous health plan enrollment were included.

Rapid initiation of darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide in acute and early HIV-1 infection: a DIAMOND subgroup analysis.

Background: Treatment during acute or early human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection is associated with immunologic and virologic benefits.

Objective: To evaluate darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) efficacy/safety among patients with acute or early HIV-1 infection who rapidly initiate treatment.

Methods: DIAMOND (ClinicalTrials.

Pharmacist Involvement in Addressing Public Health Priorities and Community Needs: The Allegheny County Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Community Health (REACH) Project.

Community-clinical linkages are connections between community and clinical sectors to improve population health, and community-based pharmacists are well positioned to implement this strategy. We implemented a novel approach to community-clinical linkages in African American communities in which community-based pharmacists implement screenings for chronic disease and social determinants of health, make referrals to clinical and social services, and follow up with patients to support linkage to care in nontraditional health care settings. The community-based pharmacist navigation program works with multisector partners to increase referrals and access to existing health and social service programs.

Treatment Patterns and Predictors of Adherence in HIV Patients Receiving Single- or Multiple-Tablet Darunavir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, and Tenofovir Alafenamide.

Purpose: Darunavir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide can be used as a single-tablet regimen (STR, DRV/c/FTC/TAF) or multiple-tablet regimen (MTR, DRV/c+FTC/TAF) to treat patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study described treatment patterns and predictors of adherence among patients with HIV initiated on DRV/c/FTC/TAF or DRV/c+FTC/TAF.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using linked claims and electronic medical records from Decision Resources Group's Real World Data Repository (7/17/2017-6/1/2019).

The association between pre-tonsillectomy education and postoperative emergency department returns: A retrospective cohort pilot study.

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is the most common pediatric surgery in Canada. Post-tonsillectomy 30-day Emergency Department (ED) visit rates are higher than other pediatric day surgeries. To date, there have been no studies assessing whether additional preoperative education directed by Child Life Specialists impacts preventable ED visits.

Young people's views on their role in the COVID-19 pandemic and society's recovery from it.

Objective: There has been little formal exploration of how young people see their role in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/setting: Focus-group discussion with 15 Children's Hospital Young People's Forum members (23/5) to explore their perspective on the impact of COVID-19 on both their lives and those of their community, on school closures, and the role they wished to play in society's recovery from the pandemic. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim using NVivo Software and analysed using an inductive thematic analysis approach.

Real-World Assessment of Weight Change in People with HIV-1 After Initiating Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors or Protease Inhibitors.

Background: Studies have shown an increase in weight among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) who have also initiated integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI). However, limited data are available regarding comparison of these changes with other antiretroviral regimens.

Objective: To assess differences in weight gain after initiating INSTI- versus protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens among treatment-naïve PLWH overall, and among a subpopulation of females only.

Reconstructing the time since death using noninvasive thermometry and numerical analysis.

The early postmortem interval (PMI), i.e., the time shortly after death, can aid in the temporal reconstruction of a suspected crime and therefore provides crucial information in forensic investigations.

Antiretroviral Adherence, Drug Resistance, and the Impact of Social Determinants of Health in HIV-1 Patients in the US.

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical to achieving viral suppression. However, social determinants of health (SDoH) can undermine patient adherence to ART, resulting in drug resistance that compromises future treatment options. We assessed ART adherence and HIV-1 drug resistance at the national and state levels in the US and investigated their associations with SDoH and other HIV-related outcomes.

An assessment of weight change associated with the initiation of a protease or integrase strand transfer inhibitor in patients with human immunodeficiency virus.

Objective: Evidence suggests that integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are associated with greater weight gain than other antiretrovirals. This real-world study compares weight/body mass index (BMI) change between insured US patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) initiating a protease inhibitor (PI) or INSTI.

Methods: A retrospective longitudinal study was conducted using Decision Resources Group's Real World Data Repository (7/17/2017-6/1/2019).

Improved standardization of transcribed digital specimen data.

There are more than 1.2 billion biological specimens in the world's museums and herbaria. These objects are particularly important forms of biological sample and observation.

Detailed analysis of chick optic fissure closure reveals Netrin-1 as an essential mediator of epithelial fusion.

Epithelial fusion underlies many vital organogenic processes during embryogenesis. Disruptions to these cause a significant number of human birth defects, including ocular coloboma. We provide robust spatial-temporal staging and unique anatomical detail of optic fissure closure (OFC) in the embryonic chick, including evidence for roles of apoptosis and epithelial remodelling.

The Natural History Museum Data Portal.

The Natural History Museum, London (NHM), generates and holds some of the largest global data sets relating to the biological and geological diversity of the natural world. A majority of these data were, until 2015, not widely accessible, and, even when published, were typically hard to find, poorly documented and in formats that impede discovery and integration. To better serve the bespoke needs of user communities outside and within the NHM, a dedicated data portal was developed to surface these data sets and provide a sustainable platform to encourage their citation and reuse.