A first step towards objective grading of equine laryngeal function.

Due to concerns about disagreement between veterinarians when grading resting laryngeal function (LF), a diagnostic decision tree (DDT) has been developed by codifying the Havemeyer grading system and objectively defining certain terms to remove ambiguity. Videoendoscopic examinations of the equine larynx that had previously been assigned a unanimous LF grade by 3 experienced observers were used to develop the DDT and determine the cut-off values. The DDT is a flow chart consisting of a series of dichotomous (yes/no) decisions, to dictate the order of decision making and direct the observer down a pathway towards the most appropriate LF grade.

T1 colorectal cancer patients' perspective on information provision and therapeutic decision-making after local resection.

Background: Decision-making after local resection of T1 colorectal cancer (T1CRC) is often complex and calls for optimal information provision as well as active patient involvement.

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the perceptions of patients with T1CRC on information provision and therapeutic decision-making.

Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included patients who underwent endoscopic or local surgical resection as initial treatment.

Yearling laryngeal function in Thoroughbreds that underwent a laryngoplasty differs from controls.

Background: Yearling laryngeal function (YLF) is frequently assessed at the time of sale and the outcomes of these assessments can have significant economic implications. The YLF of horses that subsequently underwent a prosthetic laryngoplasty (PL) is unknown.

Objectives: We hypothesised horses with YLF ≥grade II.

The fatty acid omega hydroxylase genes (CYP4 family) in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD): An RNA sequence database analysis and review.

Fatty acid omega hydroxylase P450s consist of enzymes that hydroxylate various chain-length saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and bioactive eicosanoid lipids. The human cytochrome P450 gene 4 family (CYP4) consists of 12 members that are associated with several human diseases. However, their role in the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) remains largely unknown.

Stakeholder perceptions of thoroughbred yearling sales endoscopy in Australia: can we do better?

Objective: To identify thoroughbred industry stakeholders' views on the yearling sales endoscopy in Australia.

Design: Semi-structured qualitative group interviews with equine veterinarians, thoroughbred breeders and yearling purchasers.

Methods: Twenty-nine experienced thoroughbred industry stakeholders participated in online focus groups: (1) equine veterinarians involved in yearling endoscopy; (2) thoroughbred breeders; and (3) yearling buyers.

s rapidly invades the murine brain by sequential breaching of airway and endothelial tissues barriers, followed by engulfment by microglia.

causes lethal meningitis and accounts for approximately 10%-15% of AIDS-associated deaths worldwide. There are major gaps in our understanding of how this fungus invades the mammalian brain. To investigate the dynamics of tissue invasion, we mapped fungal localization and host cell interactions in infected brain, lung, and upper airways using mouse models of systemic and airway infection.

Bicavitary effusion in cats: retrospective analysis of signalment, clinical investigations, diagnosis and outcome.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and diagnostic findings and outcome of cats with bicavitary effusion presenting to a referral centre.

Methods: Medical records of cats presenting with bicavitary effusion were identified and their history, physical examination findings, clinicopathological data, diagnostic imaging findings, aetiology of bicavitary effusions (cardiac disease, neoplasia, infectious disease, sterile inflammatory disease, severe hypoalbuminaemia, trauma, coagulopathy or 'open' if no definitive diagnosis was reached) and outcome were recorded. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of death in cats with bicavitary effusion.

How to interpret a cardiorespiratory fitness assessment - Key measures that provide the best picture of health, disease status and prognosis.

Graded exercise testing is a widely accepted tool for revealing cardiac ischemia and/or arrhythmias in clinical settings. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) measures expired gases during a graded exercise test making it a versatile tool that helps reveal underlying physiologic abnormalities that are in many cases only present with exertion. It also characterizes one's health status and clinical trajectory, informs the therapeutic plan, evaluates the efficacy of therapy, and provides submaximal and maximal information that can be used to tailor an exercise intervention.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity in the lens of social justice - Reporting on the disparities that exist.

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), heavily influenced by physical activity (PA), represents a strong and independent risk factor for a wide range of health conditions, most notably, cardiovascular disease. Substantial disparities in CRF have been identified between white and non-white populations. These disparities may partly account for group differences in susceptibility to poor health outcomes, including non-communicable disease.

Patient educational videos on T1 colorectal cancer.

Video 1Colorectal cancer: how does it develop and how can you detect it? Video 2A polyp suspected to be colorectal cancer: what now? Video 3Early-stage colon cancer with unfavorable features: what now?

rapidly invades the murine brain by sequential breaching of airway and endothelial tissues barriers, followed by engulfment by microglia.

The fungus causes lethal meningitis in humans with weakened immune systems and is estimated to account for 10-15% of AIDS-associated deaths worldwide. There are major gaps in our understanding of how this environmental fungus evades the immune system and invades the mammalian brain before the onset of overt symptoms. To investigate the dynamics of C.

Predicting procedure duration of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection at Western endoscopy centers.

Overcoming logistical obstacles for the implementation of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) requires accurate prediction of procedure times. We aimed to evaluate existing and new prediction models for ESD duration. Records of all consecutive patients who underwent single, non-hybrid colorectal ESDs before 2020 at three Dutch centers were reviewed.

Post-translational modifications of histone and non-histone proteins in epigenetic regulation and translational applications in alcohol-associated liver disease: Challenges and research opportunities.

Epigenetic regulation is a process that takes place through adaptive cellular pathways influenced by environmental factors and metabolic changes to modulate gene activity with heritable phenotypic variations without altering the DNA sequences of many target genes. Epigenetic regulation can be facilitated by diverse mechanisms: many different types of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone and non-histone nuclear proteins, DNA methylation, altered levels of noncoding RNAs, incorporation of histone variants, nucleosomal positioning, chromatin remodeling, etc. These factors modulate chromatin structure and stability with or without the involvement of metabolic products, depending on the cellular context of target cells or environmental stimuli, such as intake of alcohol (ethanol) or Western-style high-fat diets.

Transmissive Labyrinthine Acoustic Metamaterial-Based Holography for Extraordinary Energy Harvesting.

Conventional energy sources are continuously depleting, and the world is actively seeking new green and efficient energy solutions. Enormous amounts of acoustic energy are dissipated daily, but the low intensity and limited efficiency of current harvesting techniques are preventing its adoption as a ubiquitous method of power generation. Herein, a strategic solution to increase acoustic energy harvesting efficiency using a specially designed metamaterial is implemented.

Deletion of hepatic small heterodimer partner ameliorates development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice.

Small heterodimer partner (SHP, Nr0b2) is an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism. Shp mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. In this study, we explored the potential role of SHP in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).

Outcome of Completion Surgery after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Patients.

T1 colorectal cancers (T1CRC) are increasingly being treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). After ESD of a T1CRC, completion surgery is indicated in a subgroup of patients. Currently, the influence of ESD on surgical morbidity and mortality is unknown.

Causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs in the United Kingdom: A retrospective study of 762 cases.

Background: Thrombocytopenia is a common laboratory abnormality in dogs, and numerous diseases have been associated with its development. Estimates for the sensitivity and specificity of the degree of reduction of platelet concentration for the diagnosis of primary immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (pITP) have not been reported.

Objectives: To report the prevalence of different causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs in the United Kingdom and to investigate the utility of platelet concentration to differentiate causes of thrombocytopenia.

Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023.

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions.

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Are Key Determinants of Cancer Cell Invasion in the Earliest Stage of Colorectal Cancer.

Background & Aims: Improving clinical management of early stage colorectal cancers (T1CRCs) requires a better understanding of their underlying biology. Accumulating evidence shows that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are important determinants of tumor progression in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC), but their role in the initial stages of CRC tumorigenesis is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of T1CAFs to early CRC progression.

Colorectal polyps: Targets for fluorescence-guided endoscopy to detect high-grade dysplasia and T1 colorectal cancer.

Background: Differentiating high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and T1 colorectal cancer (T1CRC) from low-grade dysplasia (LGD) in colorectal polyps can be challenging. Incorrect recognition of HGD or T1CRC foci can lead to a need for additional treatment after local resection, which might not have been necessary if it was recognized correctly. Tumor-targeted fluorescence-guided endoscopy might help to improve recognition.