The Effect of Low-intensity Aerobic Training Combined with Blood Flow Restriction on Maximal Strength, Muscle Mass, and Cycling Performance in a Cyclist with Knee Displacement.

Low-intensity aerobic training combined with blood flow restriction (LI + BFR) has resulted in increases in aerobic and neuromuscular capacities in untrained individuals. This strategy may help cyclists incapable of training with high intensity bouts or during a rehabilitation program. However, there is a lack of evidence about the use of LI + BFR in injured trained cyclists.

Impact of epicardial adipose tissue volume upon left ventricular dysfunction in patients with mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis: A post-hoc analysis.

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) may lead to diastolic dysfunction and later on heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) via increased afterload and left-ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Since epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a metabolically active fat depot that is adjacent to the myocardium and can influence cardiomyocytes and LV function via secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that high amounts of EAT, as assessed by computed tomography (CT), may aggravate the development and severity of LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the context of AS.

Methods: We studied 50 patients (mean age 71 ± 9 years; 9 women) in this preliminary study with mild or moderate AS and mild to severe LV diastolic dysfunction (LVDD), diagnosed by echocardiography, who underwent non-contrast cardiac CT and echocardiography.

Virtual Monoenergetic Images (VMI+) in Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT Venography (DSDE-CTV) of the Lower Extremity Prior to Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): A Feasibility Study.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate the image quality and suitability of Dual-Source Dual-Energy CT venography (DSDE-CTV) with asynchronous virtual monoenergetic images (VMI+) of the entire lower extremity in the context of pre-surgical assessment of complex cases prior to coronary bypass graft as a feasibility study.

Materials And Methods: Fifteen consecutive patients, consisting of 5 females and 10 males with an average age of 52 ± 17 years underwent DSDE-CTV from the pubic symphysis to the ankles after intravenous injection of an iodinated contrast medium. DSDE-CTV was acquired with tube voltages of 80 kVp and sn140 kVp.

Leadless Cardiac Pacemaker (LCP) without Diagnostic Relevant Artifacts in DualSource and DualEnergy-CT Examinations in First- to Third-Generation DSCT Scanner.

Rationale And Objectives: To identify the influence and artifact burden in cardiac CT imaging of a leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) performed with all three generations of DualSource CT (DSCT) Scanners.

Materials And Methods: The LCP was examined in DSCT scanners of the first to third generation using DualEnergy (DECT) and DSCT as well as alterations of the current-time product. For DECT examinations, virtual monoenergetic images were computed manually on a dedicated workstation.

Effect of exercise intensity and mode on acute appetite control in men and women.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise intensity on appetite control: relative energy intake (energy intake minus the energy expenditure of exercise; REI), hunger scores, and appetite-regulating hormones in men and women. Eleven men and 9 women were submitted to 4 experimental sessions: high-intensity intermittent all-out exercise (HIIE-A) for 60 × 8 s interspersed by 12 s of passive recovery; high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) at 100% of maximal load attained in incremental test; steady-state exercise at 60% of maximal load, matched by work done; and a control session. Exercise was performed 1.

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Simulated Competition Part I: Metabolic, Hormonal, Cellular Damage, and Heart Rate Responses.

The aim of this study was to analyze physiological responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during simulated competition. To this end, 10 athletes (age: 28 ± 4 years, body mass: 81.8 ± 7.

Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Simulated Competition Part II: Physical Performance, Time-Motion, Technical-Tactical Analyses, and Perceptual Responses.

The aim of this study was to analyze performance, time structure, technical actions, and perceptual responses in Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes during a simulated competition. For this purpose, 10 athletes were analyzed in a simulated competition (4 matches of 10 minutes). Physical tests and scales of the perception of effort and recovery were applied.

Maximum number of repetitions, total weight lifted and neuromuscular fatigue in individuals with different training backgrounds.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance, as well as neuromuscular activity, in a strength task in subjects with different training backgrounds. Participants (n = 26) were divided into three groups according to their training backgrounds (aerobic, strength or mixed) and submitted to three sessions: (1) determination of the maximum oxygen uptake during the incremental treadmill test to exhaustion and familiarization of the evaluation of maximum strength (1RM) for the half squat; (2) 1RM determination; and (3) strength exercise, four sets at 80% of the 1RM, in which the maximum number of repetitions (MNR), the total weight lifted (TWL), the root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MF) of the electromyographic (EMG) activity for the second and last repetition were computed. There was an effect of group for MNR, with the aerobic group performing a higher MNR compared to the strength group (P = 0.

Impact of simulator training and crew resource management training on final-year medical students' performance in sepsis resuscitation: a randomized trial.

Background: We developed a 1.5 days crew resource management (CRM) course on situation awareness (SA) to improve the participants' ability to recognise critical situations in crisis scenarios. Objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of the CRM course on SA and medical performance in crisis scenarios and to compare the results with the effects of a purely clinical simulator training.

[Improvement of team competence in the operating room : Training programs from aviation].

Growing attention has been drawn to patient safety during recent months due to media reports of clinical errors. To date only clinical incident reporting systems have been implemented in acute care hospitals as instruments of risk management. However, these systems only have a limited impact on human factors which account for the majority of all errors in medicine.

Excellence in performance and stress reduction during two different full scale simulator training courses: a pilot study.

Background: Simulator training is well established to improve technical and non-technical skills in critical situations. Few data exist about stress experienced during simulator training. This study aims to evaluate performance and stress in intensivists before and after two different simulator-based training approaches.

[Success factors in the German healthcare market. Hospitals between cluster formation and privatisation].

The German hospital market is in a state of transition due to the introduction of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) and a constant change of the reimbursement, demographic, economical and technical framework. To date mainly public hospitals were bought by private hospital chains, but this trend has currently reached university hospitals. During recent months a consolidation within the market of private hospitals took place, while new market players such as foreign hospital chains, US universities and private equity firms emerged on the scene.

Six steps from head to hand: a simulator based transfer oriented psychological training to improve patient safety.

Unlabelled: The incidence of human errors in the field of medicine is high. Two strategies to increase patient safety are simulator training and crew resource management (CRM) seminars, psychological courses on human performance and error management.

Aim: To establish a CRM course combining psychological training on human error with simulator training.

Validation of a self-administered modified CAGE test (CAGE-C) in a somatic hospital ward: comparison with biochemical markers.

Objective: The time frame for the original CAGE questionnaire is lifetime and it does not quantify drinking frequency and may be less suitable in a population with very few teetotalers. The purpose of this study was to validate a variant of the CAGE questionnaire and compare it with the outcome of a thorough interview according to DSM-III and ICD-10 criteria and to the outcome of biochemical markers in inpatients in a somatic hospital setting.

Material And Methods: The questionnaire and biochemical markers were tested on a random sample of 130 patients admitted to a department of orthopedic surgery.

[Lung function and respiratory tract disease among stonewool factory workers].

Introduction: We examined the respiratory health of a Danish workforce exposed to man-made vitreous fibres (MMVF) during production.

Material And Methods: Workers with more than five years' occupational exposure to MMVF (n = 377) were compared to a group without MMVF exposure (n = 381). Respiratory health was assessed by questionnaire, dynamic spirometry, and measurement of transfer factor.

High-dose intravenous paraoxon exposure does not cause organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) in mini pigs.

Organophosphorus compounds are inhibitors of serine hydrolases. Some of these compounds produce, in addition to their high acute toxicity, a more persistent effect: organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). The putative molecular entity whose inhibition is thought to be responsible for OPIDN is the neuropathy target esterase (NTE).

L-lactate reduces in vitro the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) by paraoxon (E 600).

Intoxication with the organophosphorus compound paraoxon (POX), an inhibitor of serine hydrolases, is frequent. Oximes are the only enzyme reactivators clinically available. Serendipitous observation led us to the hypothesis that lactate might attenuate some of the POX effects.

Lung function and respiratory health of long-term fiber-exposed stonewool factory workers.

The present study was undertaken to examine the respiratory health of a Danish workforce exposed to man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) during production. Workers with more than 5 yr occupational exposure to MMVF (n = 377) were compared to a group without MMVF exposure (n = 381). Respiratory health was assessed by questionnaire, dynamic spirometry, and measurement of transfer factor.

Preventing disulfiram hepatitis in alcohol abusers: inappropriate guidelines and the significance of nickel allergy.

Disulfiram hepatitis, although sometimes fatal, is a very rare complication of alcoholism treatment. A disproportionate number of cases are associated with disulfiram treatment for nickel allergy and unrecognized nickel sensitivity may partly explain the surprisingly high proportion of female victims- about 60%. US guidelines formulated in 1988 suggest that alcoholic patients should not be started on disulfiram unless liver toxicity tests have been done and, if elevated, returned to normal.

[Alcohol drinking patterns of the Danes 1979-1992].

A questionnaire-based interview on alcohol drinking pattern in a random sample of 4,016 men and 4,179 women in 1992 was compared to an identical interview from 1979. In coherence with alcohol sale statistics, the average alcohol intake was unchanged in the population. Nevertheless, during the period drinking patterns have changed among Danes.

[Detoxication in hospital contra detoxication in detention].

In the present study, 61 persons taken into police custody due to drunkenness were compared with 57 persons admitted to hospital due to intoxication with alcohol. The persons with alcohol problems taken into police custody numbered more younger men, fewer retired persons and the alcohol problems were more often acute intoxication than alcohol dependence. None of the persons placed in police custody were advised to seek help for their alcohol problems in contrast to 45 out of the 57 admitted to the hospital who started treatment.

[Sensible drinking limits].

A large number of prospective population studies from many countries have described a J- or U-shaped relation between alcohol intake and mortality. Both heavy drinkers and abstainers are at a higher risk of dying from all causes than individuals with light to moderate alcohol intake. This makes information to the public about sensible drinking limits more complex than, eg, that concerning smoking.